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摘要
外文摘要
引文資料
題名:
有效期限內多階段訂購(T,Q)報童模式最適決策之研究
書刊名:
管理學報
作者:
黃允成
/
陳貞秀
作者(外文):
Huang, Yun-cheng
/
Cheng, Cheng-hsiu
出版日期:
2004
卷期:
21:3
頁次:
頁345-362
主題關鍵詞:
報童模式
;
多階段訂購
;
價格函數
;
限制式
;
Newsboy problem
;
Perishable goods
;
Expiry period
;
Optimization technique
;
Numerical analysis
原始連結:
連回原系統網址
相關次數:
被引用次數:期刊(
2
) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
排除自我引用:0
共同引用:
5
點閱:28
本文主要係針對多階段訂購之報童模式,提出一具多元限制條件下之數學規劃模型,以進行最適訂購週期與最適訂購量之決策分析探討。為符合實務運作之考量,本研究將次要市場之價格函數納入總期望利潤Tπ(T,Q) 模式中,建構含有限制條件之報童模式,並利用數值分析演算法,求解總期望利潤最大化下之最適訂購週期與最適訂購量。接著,進行各相關參數對總期望利潤函數之敏感度分析,以進一步了解相關參數對總期望利潤函數之影響,且以一數值範例闡述本研究主題的意義及對推論做一驗證,最後,列出六點結論供後續研究及實務應用之參考。
以文找文
The researches of perishable goods are more popular and important topics, because the perishable goods has shorter expiry period than durable goods. Such as newspaper, sea foods, meats, cakes, fresh milk, fast foods, flowers, vegetables, fruits, festival cards and so on, all those merchandises have limited lifetime, before its expiry date, it can be sold by higher price than beyond the date. If the retailer orders too many quantities of perishable goods to sell, he or she will suffer big loss. On the other hand, if the retailer orders too few to sell, he or she will make fewer profits than optimal ordering quantity. The traditional newsboy model is a basic and simple mathematical model to find out the optimal ordering quantity to maximize the total expected profit. It means that if the purchasing quantity over the optimal quantity, the expected marginal loss will be great than the expected marginal profit, in the other hand, if the purchasing quantity is less than the optimal quantity, the expected marginal profit will be great than the expected loss. The assumptions of newsboy problem as follows: 1. The lifetime of goods is only one period, out of the period it must be processed as a scrap. 2.The demand of the perishable goods before expiry date is a random variable under a given price. 3. The unit cost and scrap value are given, it means that the marginal profit and marginal loss are known. 4. The ordering period is equal to the expiry period. 5. No any resources constraint. But, in real situation, many perishable goods its expiry period is usually great than the ordering period, it means that in expiry period, the retailer must order one more time. When the new goods is coming, the old ones must be handled. In general, there are two ways to handle the old goods, the one is dropping the selling price, and the other is transferring it to secondary market. Besides, when the old goods but not over the expiry date is delivered to the secondary market, the selling price in secondary market is a function of holding time in primary market. The longer it is hold in primary market, the lower price it has in secondary market, and the demand in secondary market also a random variable under any given prices. Furthermore, we thought that the resources constraints are needed to meet the real conditions. Based on above modifications, we proposed a nonlinear mathematical model with constraints. We applied the optimization technique and numerical analysis method to search for the optimal ordering period and optimal purchasing quantity to maximize the total expected profit. Sensitivity analyses are also taken to realize the effect of the value change of parameters. The parameters include the selling price in primary market, the unit cost of goods, the ordering cost per time, the holding cost per unit goods and the shortage cost per unit per time. We simulated a numerical example to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed model. In this paper, we obtain six main conclusions as follows: 1. Given the ordering period, the total expected profit Tπ(Q\T) is a concave function in purchasing quantity. Therefore, the maximal value is existence. 2. Given all other conditions are fixed, the selling price in primary market is proportional to the total expected profit. It means that when the selling price is increasing, the total expected profit is also increased. 3. Given all other conditions are fixed, the unit cost of goods is inverse proportional to the total expected profit. It means that when the unit cost is increasing, the total expected profit is decreased. 4. Given all other conditions are fixed, the ordering cost per time is inverse proportional to the total expected profit, and the ordering cost per time is proportional to ordering period. It means that when the ordering cost per time is increasing, the total expected profit in decreased, and the optimal ordering period is increased. 5. Given all other conditions are fixed, the holding cost per unit is inverse proportional to the total expected profit, optimal ordering period and optimal purchasing quantity. It means that when the holding cost per unit is increasing, the total expected profit, optimal ordering period and optimal purchasing quantity are decreased. 6. Given all other conditions are fixed, the shortage cost per unit per time is inverse proportional to the total expected profit and optimal ordering period, however, the shortage cost per unit per time is proportional to the total purchasing quantity. It means that when the shortage cost per unit per time is increasing, the total expected profit and optimal ordering period are decreased, but the total purchasing quantity is increased.
以文找文
期刊論文
1.
黃允成(20011100)。報童模式在機率性需求與數量折扣下最適訂購量與訂價策略之研究。工業工程學刊,18(6),43-52。
延伸查詢
2.
Lau, H. S.、Lau, A. H. L.(1998)。Decision Models for Single-Period Products with Two Ordering Opportunities。International Journal of Production Economics,55(1),57-70。
3.
Lau, A. H. L.、Lau, H. S.、Willett, K. D.(2000)。Demand uncertainty and returns policies for a seasonal product: An alternative model。International Journal of Production Economics,66,1-12。
4.
Vairaktarakis, G. L.(2000)。Robust multi-item newsboy models with a budget constraint。International Journal of Production Economics,66,213-226。
5.
Lau, H. S.、Lau, A. H. L.(1995)。The multi-product multi-constraint newsboy problem: applications formulation and solution。Journal of Operations Management,13,153-162。
6.
Walker, J.(1993)。The single-period inventory problem with triangular demand distribution。Journal of Operation Research Society,44(7),725-731。
7.
Lau, H. S.、Lau, A. H. L.(1999)。Manufacturer's Pricing Strategy and Return Policy for a Single-period Commodity。European Journal of Operational Research,116(2),291-304。
8.
Khouja, M.、Mehrez, A.(1996)。A Multi-product Constrained Newsboy Problem with Progressive Multiple Discount。Computers and Industrial Engineering,30(1),95-101。
9.
Karmarkar, U. S.(1987)。The Multi-Location Multi-period Inventory Problem: Bounds and Approximations。Management Science,33(1),86-89。
10.
Karmarkar, U. S.(1981)。The Multi-Location Multi-period Inventory Problem。Operations Research,29(2),215-218。
11.
Khouja, M.(1995)。The newsboy problem under progressive multiple discounts。European Journal of Operational Research,84(2),458-466。
12.
Rogers, D.、Tsubakitani, S.(1991)。Newsboy-Style Results for Multi-echelon Inventory Problems Backorders Optimization with Intermediate Delays。Journal of the Operational Research Society,42,57-68。
13.
Buckley, J. J.(1998)。Possibilitic Linear Programming with Triangular Fuzzy Number。Fuzzy Sets and Systems,26,135-138。
14.
Buckley, J. J.(1998)。Possibility and Necessity in Optimization。Fuzzy Sets and Systems,25,1-13。
15.
Chen, M. S.、Chuang, C. C.(2000)。An Extended Newsboy Problem with Shortage-level Constraints。International Journal of Production Economics,67,269-277。
16.
Chien, T. W.(1993)。Determining Profit-Maximizing Production Shipping Policies in One-To-One Direct Shipping, Stochastic Demand Environment。European Journal of Operational Research,64(1),83-102。
17.
Khouja, M.(2000)。Optimal Ordering, Discounting and Pricing in the Single-period Problem。international Journal of Production Economics,65,201-216。
18.
Lau, H.(1991)。Two-Production Newsboy Problem with Satisfying Objective and Independent Exponential Demand。IIE Transaction,23,29-39。
19.
Lau, H.(1998)。Maximizing the Probability of Achieving a Target Profit in a Two-Production Newsboy Problem。IIE Transaction,20,168-175。
20.
Lau, H.、Lau, A.(1996)。Newsstand Problem: A Capacitated Multiple-product Single-period Inventory Problem。European Journal of Operational Research,94,29-42。
21.
Lau, H.(1998)。Newsboy Problem with Price-Dependent Demand Distribution。IIE Transactions,20,168-175。
22.
黃允成(2002)。A Discussion on the Basic Property of Newsboy Problem with Discrete Type Demand。Management Research,2(1),161-172。
學位論文
1.
潘志剛(1996)。以可能性分配求解報童問題,0。
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2.
Tsai, Yao Bo(1993)。A Study on Newsboy Problem with Random Demand Depends on Price - A Fuzzy Possibility Distribution Approach,沒有紀錄。
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