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題名：擴充認知適合理論以考量使用者專業知識差異之研究
書刊名：資訊管理學報
作者：洪新原 引用關係／陳鴻基 引用關係／董亮君
作者(外文)：Hung, Shin-yuan／Chen, Houn-gee／Tung, Liang-chun
出版日期：2004
卷期：11:4
頁次：頁1-28
主題關鍵詞：認知適合理論；專業知識；專家；生手；實驗研究；Cognitive fit theory；Experts；Novices；Expertise；Experimental research
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
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  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:144
認知適合理論(cognitive fit theory)在1991年被提出來解釋不同的資訊呈現方式與工作任務之間認知適合與否，對於決策過程與績效的影響。後續雖然經過相關文獻與實證研究結果的驗證，然而認知適合理論背後存在一些假設，限制了認知適合理論在現實世界的應用。這些假設包括：(1)所有的人在認知適合的情形都是一樣的；(2)所有的工作任務在認知適合的情形都是適用的；(3)環境因素對於認知適合是沒有影響的；(4)使用者所用的決策支援科技是可以忽略的。認知適合理論的解釋能力受到這些假設相當大的束縛。 從過去研究對於專家與生手間專業知識差異的探討，我們可以發現在決策的過程中，專業知識的差異可說是扮演著一個舉足輕重的角色，不論是其在心智對於問題的詮釋方式或採取解決問題的處理方式上，都可能受到專業知識差異的影響。使用者的專業知識差異對於認知適合理論的影響應當是顯而易見。本研究試圖探討使用者的專業知識差異對於認知適合理論的影響，以擴充認知適合理論的解釋能力。為了瞭解專業知識差異對於認知適合理論的影響，本研究設計採用複雜的多準則工作任務，並以兩組在專業知識上有差異之受測者來進行實驗，觀察不同的資訊呈現與工作型態對於其決策品質與決策時間的影響，以驗證專業知識差異對於認知適合理論的影響。我們的實驗結果證實專業知識的高低確實會影響認知適合的效果。
Cognitive fit theory (CFT) was developed to explain how graphical displays affect the decision processes and outcomes of decision making. Although it has been validated by its success in explaining numerous prior results (Vessey, 1991) and an empirical study (Vessey and Galletta, 1991) as well, unreasonable assumptions still exist and need to be reexamined. For instance, the CFT assumes that decision makers are homogenous. However, they usually differ in their expertise represented by a specific task. To extend the applicability of the CFT, the study investigates the effect of expertise on the CFT. We conducted an experiment to reexamine the CFT. The subjects were classified into two groups, depending on whether they were experts or novices in the business represented by those tasks. The results show that the effect of expertise on the CFT is statistically significant. Further discussions are also provided as well.
期刊論文
1.Benbasat, I.、Dexter, A. S.(1986)。An Investigation of the Effectiveness of Color and Graphical Information Presentation Under Varying Time Constraints。MIS Quarterly，10(1)，59-83。  new window
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3.Larkin, J. H.、McDermott, J.、Simon, D. P.、Simon, H. A.(1980)。Expert and novice performance in solving physics problems。Science，208，1335-1342。  new window
4.Watson, C. J.、Driver, R. W.(1983)。The influence of computer graphics on the recall of information。MIS Quarterly，7(1)，45-53。  new window
5.Schoenfeld, A. H.、Herrmann, D. J.(1982)。Problem perception and knowledge structure in expert and novice mathematical problem solvers。Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition，8(5)，484-494。  new window
6.Dennis, A. R.、Carte, T. A.(1998)。Using Geographical Information Systems for Decision Making: Extending Cognitive Fit Theory to Map-Based Presentation。Information Systems Research，9(2)，194-203。  new window
7.Vessey, I.、Galletta, D.(1991)。Cognitive fit: An empirical study of information acquisition。Information Systems Research，2(1)，63-84。  new window
8.Vessey, I.(1991)。Cognitive fit: a theory-based analysis of the graphs versus tables literature。Decision Sciences，22(2)，219-241。  new window
9.Jarvenpaa, Sirkka. L.(1989)。The Effect of Task Demands and Graphical Format on Information Processing Strategies and Decision Making Performance。Management Science，35(3)，285-303。  new window
10.Diskson, G. W.、McBride, D. J.、DeSanctis, G.(1986)。Understanding the Effectiveness of Computer Graphics for Decision Support: A Cumulative Experimental Approach。Communications of the ACM，29(1)，40-47。  new window
11.Stewart, T. R.、Roebber, P. J.、Bosart, L. F.(1997)。The Importance of the Task in Analyzing Expert Judgment。Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes，69(3)，205-219。  new window
12.Reuber, R.(1997)。Management Experience and Management Expertise。Decision Support Systems，21，51-60。  new window
13.Agarwal, R.、Sinha, A. P.、Tanniru, M. R.(1996)。Cognitive Fit in Requirements Modeling: A Study of Object and Process Methodologies。Journal of Management Information Systems，13(2)，137-163。  new window
14.Carter, L. F.(1947)。An Experiment on the Design of Tables and Graphs Used for Presenting Numerical Data。Journal of Applied Psychology，31，640-650。  new window
15.Chandra, A.、Krovi, R.(1999)。Representational Congruence and Information Retrieval: Towards and Extended Model of Cognitive Fit。Decision Support Systems，25，271-288。  new window
16.Feliciano, G. D.、Powers, R. D.、Kearl, B. E.(1963)。The Presentation of Statistical Information。AV Communication Review，11(13)，32-39。  new window
17.Grace, G. L.(1966)。Application of Empirical Methods to Computer-Based System Design。Journal of Applied Psychology，50(6)，443-450。  new window
18.Hardiman, P. T.、Dufresne, R.、Mestre, J. P.(1989)。The Relation between Problem Categorization and Problem Solving among Experts and Novices。Memory & Cognition，17，627-638。  new window
19.Hung, S. Y.(2003)。Expert versus Novice Use of the Executive Support Systems: An Empirical Study。Information and Management，40(3)，177-189。  new window
20.Mackay, J. M.、Barr, S. H.、Kletke, M. G.(1992)。An Empirical Investigation of the Effects of Decision Aids on problem-Solving Processes。Decision Sciences，23，648-672。  new window
21.Mackay, J. M.、Elam, J. J.(1992)。A Comparative Study of How Experts and Novices Use a Decision Aid to Solve Problems in Complex Knowledge Domains。Information System Research，3(2)，150-172。  new window
22.Powers, M.、Lashiey, L.、Sanchez, P.、Sneiderman, B.(1984)。An Experimental Investigation of tabular and graphic data presentation。International Journal of Man-Machine Studies，20，545-566。  new window
23.Shaft, T. M.、Vessey, I.(1995)。The Relevance of Application Domain Knowledge: The Case of Computer program Comprehension。Information Systems Research，6(3)，286-299。  new window
24.Sinha, A. P.、Vessey, I.(1992)。Cognitive Fit: An Empirical Study of Recursion and Iteration。IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering，18(5)，368-379。  new window
25.Smelcer, J. B.、Carmel, E.(1997)。The Effectiveness of Different Representations for Managerial Problem Solving: Comparing Tables and Maps。Decision Sciences，28(2)，391-420。  new window
26.Spence, M. T.、Brucks, M.(1997)。The Moderating Effects of Problem Characteristics on Experts' and Novices' Judgments。Journal of Marketing Research，34，233-247。  new window
27.Tuilis, Thomas S.(1981)。An Evaluation of Alphanumeric, Graphic and Color Information Displays。Human Factors，23(5)，541-550。  new window
28.Umanath, N. S.、Scammell, R. W.(1988)。An Experimental Evaluation of the Impact of Data Display Format on Recall Performance。Communications of the ACM，31(5)，562-570。  new window
29.Umanath, N. S.、Scammell, R. W.、Das, S. R.(1990)。An Examination of Two Screen/ Report Design Variables in an Information Recall Context。Decision Sciences，21(1)，216-240。  new window
30.Umanath, N. S.、Vessey, I.(1994)。Multiattribute Data Presentation and Human Judgment: A Cognitive Fit Perspective。Decision Sciences，25，795-824。  new window
31.Vessey, I.(1994)。The Effect of Information Presentation on Decision Making: An Analysis Using Cost-Benefit Theory。Information and Management，27，103-119。  new window
會議論文
1.Egenhofer, M. J.(1991)。Reasoning about Binary Topological Relations。New York, NY。143-160。  new window
圖書
1.Stillings, N. A.(1995)。Cognitive Psychology。Cambridge, MA：Allyn ＆ Bacon。  new window
2.Anderson, J. R.(1981)。Cognitive Skills and Their Acquisition。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum。  new window
3.Hair, J. F.、Anderson, R. E.、Tatham, R. L.、Black, W. C.(1995)。Multivariate data analysis with readings。Upper Saddler River, NJ：Prentice-Hall。  new window
4.Fitts, Paul M.、Posner, Michael I.(1967)。Human performance。Brooks/Cole Publishing Company。  new window
5.Ayton, P.(1992)。On the Competence and Incompetence of Experts。Expertise and Decision Support。Dordrecht, Netherlands。  new window
6.Cooper, D. R.、Schindler, P. S.(2001)。Business Research Methods。Business Research Methods。Boston, MA。  new window
7.Slatter, P. E.(1987)。Building Expert Systems: Cognitive Emulation。Building Expert Systems: Cognitive Emulation。New York, NY。  new window
8.Yamahira, Y.、Kasahara, Y.、Tsurutani, T.(1985)。How Map Designers Can Represent Their Ideals in Thematic Maps。Computer-Generated Images: The State of the Art。New York, NY。  new window
 
 
 
 
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