以化學肥料及化學農藥為基礎的現代作物生產技術雖然提高了作物的產量，但也對環境造成了很大的負面影響。本文針對能兼顧生產與環保的所謂「對環境友好的有機農業」之理念及定義先作一個闡述，然後針對包括台灣在內的在亞熱帶地區之有機農業之實施方法加以討論。農業生產體系與自然生態體系之間，需要設法保持平衡才能達到兩者之永續性。本文針對如何用有機肥料取代化學肥料及如何用自然綜合防治法來取代傳統的化學農藥病蟲害防治法，根據試驗結果提出可行的方案。包括用農業廢棄物來製造堆肥、種植綠肥、實施輪作制度、生物防治、利用性費洛蒙之田間害蟲防治法加以闡述。有機法與非有機法之生產成本及利益亦曾做經濟上之分析。

Chemical fertilizer and pesticide based modern agriculture technology promoted greatly the food production. However, the resulting ecological and economic impact have not always been positive, and often negative impact occurred such as soil erosion, water pollution and pesticide contamination on the produced foods. Present paper dealt with the concept and practice of environment friendly organic farming and its practice in subtropics. In order to get agriculture sustained; we must develop a balanced system in between the production system and the natural ecological system. The present paper tried to build this balancing mechanism by replacing chemical fertilizer with organic manure and green manure, and also to replace chemical pesticides by integrate pest management (IPM) method of pest control. In this connection, the use of proper amount of compost made of farm residues was emphasized. For IPM, rotational system of culture, biological control of crop pests, application of sex-pheromone and yellow sticky plate to trap harmful insects on the farm have been proposed based on the data collected from the field experiments. Economy of producing organic rice was analyzed with regards to input (investment) and output (benefic gain) from the organic rice farming. Present status and outlook of environment friendly organic farming in various countries was discussed.