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題名：行政管制走向下反托拉斯法規範手段之研究--以「協議裁決」為中心
書刊名：公平交易季刊
作者：謝佩芬
作者(外文)：Hsieh, Pei-fen
出版日期：2005
卷期：13:1
頁次：頁113-182
主題關鍵詞：行政管制；反托拉斯局；協議裁決；公平交易委員會；和解契約；Bureaucratic regulation；Consent decree；The antitrust division；Fair trade commission；Settlement
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
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  • 共同引用共同引用:9
  • 點閱點閱:51
掌管市場交易秩序的競爭主管機關規範廠商競爭行為時，常會面臨違法情事難以證明的情況，諸如：市場力量的評估、市場範圍的界定。另外，競爭法中的規範標準'也可能因政治立場或是經濟理論的演變而重新獲得詮釋。因此，主管機關除了於事前頻繁運用非正式手段，讓政策利害關係人得以明暸最新的政策走向之外，事後則是多以「協議」( negotiation ) 此等溫和方式，禁止或調整廠商可能違法之作為，並且藉此監控廠商未來的一舉一動，以維護市場競爭。 其中，「協議裁決J」(Consent Decree) 為美國反托拉斯局解決反托拉斯民事案件最為普遍的手段，也使反托拉斯局漸漸從「檢調者」邁向「管制者」。由於美國執行反托拉斯法有著多年且豐富之經驗，正可藉以評估運用「協議」執行反托拉斯政策的可行性，也可了解協議裁決所具備的政策意義。 最後，基於我國適逢行政程序法的通過，公平會以資因應也制定了「締結和解契約處理原則」。未來和解契約是否可為我國執行競爭政策之有效工具？亦是一項相當值得關心的課題。然而，重要的是相關和解契約制度的完整建立應才是運作順利之前提要件。
Due to the rather discretionary disposition inherent in the interpretation of antitrust laws, antitrust enforcement agencies the world over face similar problems of enforcement when it comes to how to design, in accordance with the authority conferred by law, enforcement mechanisms that can appropriately deter anti-competitive activities. The Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice of the United States, for example, has adopted many informal measures, such as the publication of guidelines, the issuance of business review letters and the employment of consent decrees, all in an attempt to release its policy information to antitrust stakeholders. Among all of the relevant informal measures, the enactment of consent decrees is the only mechanism that is ex post in nature, and it has frequently been used by the Antitrust Division to resolve antitrust disputes because it is more efficient than litigation in the enforcement of antitrust laws. The role of the Antitrust Division, however, has shifted over time from originally being a “prosecutor” to currently serving as a “regulator”; it has now been empowered to make antitrust policy if, under its discretion, this is considered necessary to accomplish the government’s goal toward market competition. As for the importance of the growth of antitrust laws, consent decrees have on several occasions taken precedence over antitrust courts' judgments. Against this backdrop, in this article, I introduce and evaluate the experience of applying consent decrees to resolve antitrust disputes in U.S. antitrust history. From this, I hope to derive some feasible suggestions for the Fair Trade Commission of Taiwan in its enforcement of the Fair Trade Act and for its design of competition policy. More specifically, I hope the conclusions drawn from this article can be beneficial to the Commission in constructing more practical guidelines for establishing administrative settlement agreements with potential Fair Trade Act violators.
期刊論文
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4.Anderson, L. C.(1996)。United States v. Microsoft, Antitrust Consent Decrees, and the Need for a Proper Scope of Judicial Review。Antitrust Law Journal，65，1-40。  new window
5.Arnold, T.(1940)。Antitrust Law Enforcement, Past, and Future。Law and Contemporary Problems，7(1)，5-23。  new window
6.Blair, R. D.、Harrision, J. L.(1999)。Reexamining the Role of Illinois Brick in Modem Antitrust Standing Analysis。George Washington Law Review，68(1)。  new window
7.Blumenthal, W.(1997)。Symposium: Twenty years of Hart-Scott-Rodino Merger Enforcement Introductory Note。Antitrust Law Journal，65，813。  new window
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9.Calkins, S.(1998)。In Praise of Antitrust Litigation: The Second Annual Bernstein Lecture。St. John's Law Review，72，1-41。  new window
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11.Flynn, J. J.(1968)。Consent Decrees in Antitrust Enforcement: Some Thoughts and Proposals。Iowa Law Review，53，983。  new window
12.Green, C.(1984)。The 1982 AT& T Consent Decree--Strengthening the Antitrust Procedures and Penalties Act。Howard Law Journal，27，1611。  new window
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14.Jacobs, M. S.(1998)。Lessoris from the Pharmaceutical Antitrust Litigation: Indirect Purchasers, Antitrust Standing, and Antitrust Federalism。Saint Louis University Law journal，42，63-71。  new window
15.Katz, T.(1940)。The Consent Decree In Antitrust Administration。Harvard Law Review，53，415-475。  new window
16.Kearney, J. D.(1999)。Mixed Signals: Academic and Industrial Perspectives on the Telecommunications Act of 1996: From the Fall of the Bell System to the Telecommunications Act: Regulation of Telecommunications under Judge Greene。Hastings Law Journal，50，1410-1411。  new window
17.Konczal, D. S.(1996)。Ruing Rufo: Ramifications of a Lenient Standard for Modifying Antitrust Consent Decrees and an Alternative。George Washington Law Review，65，130。  new window
18.Kovacic, W. E.(2001)。Evaluating Antitrust Experiments: Using Ex Post Assessments of Government Enforcement Decisions to Inform Competition Policy。George Mason Law Review，9，843。  new window
19.Kramer, L.(1988)。Consent Decrees and the Rights of Third Parties。Michigan Law Review，87，321。  new window
20.McHenry, W. B.(1961)。The Asphalt Clause-- A Trap for the Unwary。New York University Law Review，36，1114。  new window
21.Melamed, A. D.(1995)。Antitrust: The New Regulation。Antitrust ABA，10，13-15。  new window
22.Mengler, T. M.(1988)。Consent Decree Paradigms: Models without Meaning。Boston College Law Review，29，291。  new window
23.Noonan, J. C.(1983)。Judicial Review of Antitrust Consent Decrees: Reconciling Judicial Responsibility with Executive Discretion。Hastings Law Journal，35，133。  new window
24.(1949)。Note: The Modification of Antitrust Consent Decrees。Harvard Law Review，63，320。  new window
25.(1959)。Notes: The Consent Judgment as an Instrument of Compromise and Settlement。Harvard Law Review，72，1314。  new window
26.(1967)。Note: Flexibility and Finality in Antitrust Consent Decrees。Harvard Law Review，80，1303。  new window
27.Page, W. H.(1983)。The Scope of Liability for Antitrust Violations。Stanford Law Review，37，1445。  new window
28.Phillips, C. F.(1961)。The Antitrust Decree in Antitrust Enforcement。Washington & Lee Law Review，18，39。  new window
29.Steuer, R. M.(1995)。Counseling without Case Law。Antitrust Law Journal，63，823。  new window
30.Stedman, R. W.(1965)。Consent Decree and the Private Action: An Antitrust Dilemma。California Law Review，53，627。  new window
31.Sullivan, E. T.(1986)。The Antitrust Division as a Regulatory Agency: An Enforcement Policy in Transition。Washington University Law Quarterly，64，997。  new window
32.Sullivan, E. T.(2002)。The Jurisprudence of Antitrust Divestiture: The Path Less Traveled。Minn. L Rev，86，565。  new window
33.Swanson, C. B.(2001)。Antitrust Excitement in the New Millennium: Microsoft, Mergers, and More。Oklahoma Law Review，54，285。  new window
34.Waller, S. W.(2001)。The Language of Law and The Language of Business。Case Western Law Review，52，300-304。  new window
35.Weiner, M. L.(1995)。Antitrust and the Rise of the Regulatory Consent Decree。Antitrust ABA，10，4。  new window
36.Weisburst, S. I.(1999)。Judicial Review of Settlements and Consent Decrees: An Economic Analysis。The Journal of Legal Studies，28，55。  new window
37.張向昕(19980100)。美國司法部與微軟公司之論戰。公平交易季刊，6(1)，161-180。new window  延伸查詢new window
38.劉孔中(19990400)。略論公平交易委員會行政和解之實務及法理。律師雜誌，235，68-74。  延伸查詢new window
39.Lemley, Mark A.、McGowan, David(1998)。Legal Implications of Network Economic Effects。California Law Review，86(3)，479-611。  new window
40.蘇永欽(19910100)。「非正式程序」與「補充性規則」--﹣簡介二個落實公平交易法的重要機制。經社法制論叢，7，39-75。  延伸查詢new window
41.蘇永欽(19910700)。「非正式程序」與「補充性規則」--簡介二個落實公平交易法的重要機制。經社法制論叢，8，57-86。  延伸查詢new window
42.Kovacic, William E.(2000)。Lessons of Competition Policy Reform in Transition Economies for U.S. Antitrust Policy。St. John's Law Review，74(2)，361-405。  new window
43.Pipaino, Thomas A. Jr.(1991)。Reconciling the Per Se and Rule of Reason Approaches to Antitrust Analysis。Southern California Law Review，64，686-738。  new window
44.Waller, Spencer Weber(1998)。Prosecution by Regulation: The Changing Nature of Antitrust Enforcement。Oregon Law Review，77(4)，1383-1449。  new window
45.Isenbergh, Maxwell S.、Rubin, Seymour J.(1940)。Antitrust Enforcement through Consent Decrees。Harvard Law Review，53(3)，386-414。  new window
46.Lavey, Warren G.、Carlton, Dennis W.(1983)。Economic Goals and Remedies of the AT&T Modified Final Judgment。Georgetown Law Journal，71，1497。  new window
47.Elzinga, Kenneth G.、Evans, David S.、Nichols, Albert L.(2001)。United States v. Microsoft: Remedy or Malady?。George Mason Law Review，9(3)，646-648。  new window
48.Zimmer, Michael J.、Sullivan, C. A.(1976)。Consent Decree Settlements by Administrative Agencies in Antitrust and Employment Discrimination: Optimizing Public and Private Interests。Duke Law Journal，1976(2)，163。  new window
49.Blizzard, Paula L.(1998)。Consent Decree Standard of Review: United States v. Microsoft Corporation。Berkeley Technology Law Journal，13(1)，355。  new window
50.Sims, Joe、Herman, Deborah P.(1997)。The Effect of Twenty Years of Hart-scott-rodino on Merger Practice: A Case Study in the Law On Unintended Consequences Applied to Antitrust Legislation。Antitrust Law Journal，65(3)，865-904。  new window
51.First, H.(1995)。Is Antitrust "Law"?。Antitrust，10(1)，9-12。  new window
52.Garza, Deborah A.(1995)。The Court of Appeals Sets Strict Limits on Tunney Act Review: The Microsoft Consent Decree。Antitrust，10(1)，21。  new window
研究報告
1.Crandall, Robert W.(2001)。The Failure of Structural Remedies in Sherman Act Monopolization Cases。0：AEI-Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory Studies。  new window
2.陳志民(2001)。事業以聯合行為或濫用市場地位調漲價格經處分後，要求回復原價之探討 (計畫編號：4)。臺北市：行政院公平交易委員會。new window  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.林俊廷(1993)。公平交易法制定過程與執行之研究(碩士論文)。國立政治大學。  延伸查詢new window
2.杜瑋(1990)。美國反托辣斯執行問題之研究(碩士論文)。國立政治大學。  延伸查詢new window
3.謝杞森(1998)。公平交易法之行政程序與爭訟：以我國實務探討為中心(博士論文)。國立政治大學。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Areeda, Phillip E.、Kaplow, Louis(1988)。Antitrust Analysis: Problems, Text, Cases。Boston, MA：Little, Brown and Company。  new window
2.Rosenbloom, D. H.、Schwartz, Richard D.(1994)。Handbook of Regulation and Administrative Law。Marcel Dekker, Inc.。  new window
3.Gellhorn, Ernest、Kovacic, William E.(1994)。Antitrust Law and Economics in A Nutshell。West Group。  new window
4.許宗力(1998)。行政程序建制原則之研究。行政院公平交易委員會。  延伸查詢new window
5.黃宗樂(2001)。行政程序法建制計畫成果彙編。行政院公平交易委員會。  延伸查詢new window
6.賴源河(1997)。公平交易法新論。臺北：元照出版公司。  延伸查詢new window
7.Areeda, P. E.、Blair, R. D.、Hovenkamp, H.(2000)。Antitrust Law: An Analysis of Antitrust Principles and Their Application。USA：Aspen Law & Business。  new window
8.Areeda, P. E.、Turner, D. R.(1978)。Antitrust Law: An Analysis of Antitrust Principles and Their Application。Boston：Little, Brown and Company。  new window
9.Gavil, A.I.(1996)。An Antitrust Anthology。USA：Anderson Publishing Co。  new window
10.Holliaday, A. J.(1998)。The Difinition and Measurement of Antitrust Enforcement。USA：JAZ Press Inc。  new window
11.Hovenkamp, H.(1994)。Federal Antitrust Policy, The Law of Competition and its Practice。USA：West Publishing Co。  new window
12.Howard, M. C.(1983)。Antitrust and Trade Regulation: Selected Issues and Case Studies。Englewood Cliffs, N.J：Prentice-Hall, Inc。  new window
13.Neiman, M.(2000)。Defending Government: Why Big Government Works。Prentice Hall, Inc。  new window
14.Posner R. A.(2001)。Antitrust Law。Chicago：The University of Chicago Press。  new window
15.Suzanne, W.(1977)。Decision to Prosecute: Organization and Public Policy in the Antitrust Division。Cambridge, Mass：MIT press。  new window
16.Waldman, D. E.(1986)。The Economics of Antitrust Cases and Analysis。Boston：Little, Brown。  new window
17.Wilson, J. Q.(2000)。Bureaucracy: What Government Agencies Do and Why They Do It。USA：A Member of the Perseus Books Group。  new window
18.Rosenbloom, David H.、Kravchuk, Robert S.、Rosenbloora, Deborah G.(2002)。Public Administration: Understanding Management, Politics, and Law in the Public Sector。McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.。  new window
19.Rosenbloom, David H.、呂育誠、陳恆鈞、陳菁雯、劉淑惠、Kravchuk, Robert S.(2000)。公共行政學：管理、政治、法律觀點。學富文化。  延伸查詢new window
20.Breyer, Stephen G.(1982)。Regulation and Its Reform。Harvard University Press。  new window
21.Posner, Richard A.(1976)。Antitrust Law: An Economic Perspective。University of Chicago Press。  new window
22.Sullivan, E. Thomas、Harrison, Jeffrey L.(1998)。Understanding Antitrust and Its Economic Implications。New York, NY：Matthew Bender & CO., INC.。  new window
23.Neale, A. D.、Goyder, D. G.(1980)。The Antitrust Laws of the United States of America: A Study of Competition Enforced by Law。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
其他
1.Hahn, R. W.(2002)。United States v. Microsoft: The Benefits of Settlement，http://www.aelbrookings.org/publications/related/settlement.pdf。  new window
圖書論文
1.Posner, Richard A.(1970)。A Statistical Study of Antitrust Enforcement。The Causes and Consequences of Antitrust: The Public-choice Perspective。Chicago, IL：University of Chicago Press。  new window
2.Kauper, T. E.(1994)。The Justice Department and the Antitrust Laws: Law Enforcer or Regulator?。The Antitrust Impulse: An Economic, Historical, and Legal Analysis。Armonk, NY：M.E. Sharpe。  new window
 
 
 
 
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