道德發展之擬情論__臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

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題名：	道德發展之擬情論
書刊名：	公民訓育學報
作者：	沈六
作者(外文)：	Shoen, Liow
出版日期：	2005
卷期：	16
頁次：	頁85-112
主題關鍵詞：	擬情論；利社會行為；道德情感；道德內化；道德社會化；Empathic theory；Moral feeling；Moral internalization；Moral socialization
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(3) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:3 共同引用:0 點閱:28

本文探究道德有展之情感來源，蓋道德動機不但來自認知結構理念，也來自善的態度、關懷、善良的心、和擬情。擬情本位的道德發展理論乃從功能性和生物性來考慮社會化取向。擬情是多面向的傾向，此傾向經由生物性基礎、認知發展、和社會化等因素，而導致熟的利社會行為。擬情是就是人類關心他人的熱忱，也是使人類社會生活可能存在的凝聚力。它就是投入於他人情緒中的情感，或者是與他人的情緒結合在一起的情感。擬情是一種以生物與情意性為基本成分的、且由認知居間媒介的、以及在情緒上與他人聯結的社會化傾向。

以文找文

In this study the exploration f moral development shifts from the right to the good. In particular, the shifts are from a concern with how humans grow beyond superficial moral judgment to a concern with how humans grow beyond superficial moral feeling and from cognitive sources of motivation such as justice or reciprocity to affective sources such as benevolence or empathy. Accordingly, the conception of moral motivation will expand. This study leads to a more balanced and comprehensive understanding of moral development. “The right” is in a sense just as primary as “the good” in morality. The construction of ideal and “necessary” moral reciprocity has a place in moral motivation that affective primacy fails to capture. If reciprocity is akin to logic, then reciprocity and its violation generate a motive power in its own right, one that can join the motive power of empathy. As we turn our attention more fully to social behavior and its motivation, we will also need the resources of the empathic theory. Hoffman’s theories would enable an adequate understanding of prosocial and antisocial behavior.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Zahn-Waxler, C.、Robinson, J. L.、Emde, R. N.(1992)。The development of empathy in twins。Developmental Psychology，28，1038-1047。
2.	Hoffman, Martin L.(1981)。Is Altruism Part of Human Nature?。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，40(1)，121-137。
3.	Greene, J. D.、Sommerville, R. B.、Nystrom, L. E.、Darley, J. M.、Cohen, J. D.(2001)。An fMRI investigation of emotional engagement in moral judgment。Science，293，2105-2108。
4.	Trivers, Robert L.(197103)。The evolution of reciprocal altruism。The Quarterly Review of Biology，46(1)，35-57。
5.	American Academy of Pediatrics(20000726)。Joint statement on the impact of entertainment violence on children.。Congressional Public Health Summit。
6.	Azar, B.(1997)。Defining the trait that make us human。American Psychological Association Monitor，28，1。
7.	Bavelas, J. B.、Black, A.、Chovil, N.、Lemery, C. R.、Mullett, J.(198803)。Form and function in motor mimicry: Topographical evidence that the primary function is communication。Human Communication Research，14(3)，275-299。
8.	Begley, S.(19990503)。Why the young kill。Newsweek。
9.	Bernadette-Shapiro, S.、Ehrensaft, D.、Shapiro, J. L.(1996)。Father participation in childcare and the development of empathy in sons: An empirical study。Family Therapy，23(2)，77-93。
10.	Brothers, L.(198901)。A biological perspective on empathy。American Journal of Psychiatry，146(1)，10-19。
11.	Bryan, J. H.(197112)。Model affect and children's imitative behavior。Child Development，42(6)，2061-2065。
12.	Collins, W. A.、Getz, S. K.(197609)。Children's social responses following modeled reactions to provocation: Prosocial effects of a television drama。Journal of personality，44(3)，488-500。
13.	Decety, J.、Chaminade, T.(2003)。Neural correlates of feeling sympathy。Neuropsychologia，41(2)，127-138。
14.	Dondi, M.、Simion, F.、Caltran, G.(199903)。Can newborns discriminate between their own cry and the cry of another newborn infant?。Developmental Psychology，35(2)，418-426。
15.	Ekman, P.(199304)。Facial expression of emotion。American Psychologist，48(4)，384-392。
16.	Friedrich, L. K.、Stein, A. H.(197308)。Aggression and Prosocial television program and the natural behavior of Preschool Children。Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development，38(4)，1-64。
17.	Gibbs, J. C.、Arnold, K. D.、Burkhart, J. E.(19840600)。Sex difference in the expression of moral judgment。Child Development，55(3)，1040-1043。
18.	Gramon, L. C.、Basinger, K. S.、Gregg, V. R.、Gibbs, J. C.(199607)。Gender difference in stage and expression of moral judgment。Merrill-Palmer Quarterly，42(3)，418-437。
19.	Hoffman, M. L.(196309)。Parent discipline and the child's consideration for others。Child Development，34(3)，573-588。
20.	Jaffee, S.、Hyde, J. S.(200009)。Gender differences in moral orientation: A metaanalysis。Psychological Review，126(5)，703-762。
21.	Krevans, J.、Gibbs, J. C.(199612)。Children's use of inductive discipline: Relation to children's empathy and prosocial behavior。Child Development，67(6)，3264-3277。
22.	Maclean, P. B.(198504)。Brain evolution relating to family, Play, and the separation call。Archives of General Psychiatry，42(4)，405-417。
23.	Martin, G. B.、Clark, R. D.(198201)。Distress crying in infants: Species and peer specificity。Developmental Psychology,，18(1)，3-9。
24.	Sarter, M.、Caccioppo, J. T.、Berntson, G. G.(199601)。Brain imaging and cognitive neuroscience: Toward strong inference in attributing function to structure。American Psychologist，51(1)，13-21。
25.	Sillerman, M. A、Snarey, J.(199306)。Gender difference in moral development during early adolescence: the contribution of sex-related variation in maturation。Current Psychology Developmental, Learning, Personality & Social,，12(2)，163-171。
26.	Simmel, G.(1902)。The number of members as forming the sociological form of the group。American Journal of Sociology，8，1-46。

會議論文
1.	Barnett, M.(19970814)。K-State professor says Children need to learn empathy，Kansas State Universit (會議日期: 19970814)。

圖書
1.	Maccoby, E. E.(1980)。Social development: Psychological growth and the parent-child relationship。San Diego, CA。
2.	Damasio, Antonio R.(1999)。The feeling of what happens: Body and emotion in the making of consciousness。Harcourt Brace。
3.	Hoffman, Martin L.(2000)。Empathy and moral Development: Implications for Caring and Justice。Cambridge University Press。
4.	de Waal, Frans B. M.(1996)。Good Natured: The Origins of Right and Wrong in Humans and Other Animals。Cambridge, MA：Harvard University Press。
5.	Colby, A.、Kohlberg, L.、Speicher, B.、Hewer, A.、Candee, D.、Gibbs, J.、Power, C.(1987)。The measurement of moral judgment。Cambridge University Press。
6.	Noddings, Nel(1984)。Caring: A Feminine Approach to Ethics and Moral Education。University of California Press。
7.	Gilligan, Carol(1982)。In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development。Harvard University Press。
8.	Flavell, John H.、Miller, Patricia H.、Miller, Scott A.(2002)。Cognitive development。Prentice Hall。
9.	Children's Defense Fund(2000)。Key facts about children and families in crisis. The State of America's Children, 1996-1997.。New York：Children's Defense Fund。
10.	Levine, M.(1998)。See no evil。San Francisco：Jossey-Bass。
11.	Nowicki, S.、Duke, M. P.(1992)。Helping the child who doesn't fit in。Atlanta：Peachtree。
12.	Shulman, M.、Mekler, E.(1985)。Bringing up a moral child。Mass：Addison-Wesley。
13.	Singer, J. L.、D. G. Singer(1995)。Executive Summary on Barney and friends。New Haven, CT：Family Television Research and Consultation Center, Yale University.。
14.	Smith, A.(1965)。The theory of moral sentiment。Oxford, UK：Clarendon。
15.	Stotland, E.、Mathews, E. E.、Sherman, S. E.、Hansson, R. O.、Richandson, B. Z.(1978)。Empathy, famtasy, and helping。Thousand Oaks, CA：Sage。

圖書論文
1.	Staub, E.(1974)。Helping a distressed person: Social, personality, and stimulus determinants。Advances in experimental social psychology。New York, NY：Academic Press。
2.	Hamilton, W. D.(1971)。Selection of selfish and altruistic behavior。Man and beast: Comparative social behavior。Washington, D. C.：Smithsonian Institution Press。
3.	Eisenberg, N.、Fabes, R. A.(1998)。Prosocial development。Handbook of child psychology: Social, emotional, and personality development。New York：Wiley。
4.	Brody, L. R.、Hall, J. A.(1993)。Gender and emotion。Handbook of emotions。New York：Guilford Press。
5.	Hoffman, Martin L.(1982)。Development of prosocial motivation: Empathy and guilt。The Development of Prosocial Behavior。Academic Press。
6.	Biller, H. B.(1998)。he father factor and the two-parent advantage: Reducing the Paternal deficit。Saving Childhood。New York：Harper Perennial。
7.	Hoffman, M. L.(1970)。Moral development。Carmichael's manual of child psychology。New York：John Wiley。
8.	Janssens, J. M. A. M.、Gerris, J. R. M.(1992)。Childrearing , empathy, and prosocial development。Child rearing: Influence on prosocial and moral development。Amsterdam：Swets & Qeitlinger.。
9.	Walker, L. J.(1995)。Sexism in Kohlberg's moral psychology?。Moral development: An introduction。Needham Heights, MA：Allyn & Bacon。

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