本文共分兩部分，主要探究神經生物科學家所提出的「新人類圖像」：在第一部份，筆者將申論神經生物科學所提出的「新人類圖像」。第二部分，筆者將檢視神經生物學的挑戰是否成功。筆者歸結出三項要點：心智狀態無法化約為物理現象；邊緣系統無法全然掌控意志行為；自我不是大腦，自我是一種社會性與文化性的建構。

The current study is structured in two parts and partially inquired into the neurobiology scientist proposed ”new human image”: In the first part, ”the new human image” which the author discusses the neurobiological science proposed. The second part, the author inspects neurobiology challenge whether it does succeed. The author proposes three main points: The mental phenomenon is unable to reduce to the physical phenomenon; the limbic system is unable completely to control the will action; the self is not the cerebrum, the self is one sociality and the culture constructs.