India's Participation in WTO Negotiations: The Changes in Attitude and Emphasis_

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題名：	India's Participation in WTO Negotiations: The Changes in Attitude and Emphasis
書刊名：	WTO研究
作者：	Chakraborty, Debashis
作者(外文)：	德巴喜斯．查卡拉鮑迪
出版日期：	2005
卷期：	3
頁次：	頁119-164
主題關鍵詞：	印度；貿易；國際關係；區域貿易協定；WTO；India；Trade；International relation；RTAs
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:2 共同引用:0 點閱:17

雖然印度身為關稅暨貿易總協定(GATT)的創始會員國之一，但是印度在烏拉圭回合多邊談判之前從未積極參與過多邊談判。即便在WTO成立後的西雅圖部長級會議期間，印度仍是扮演被動的追隨者的角色，不過印度在近年來的政策卻改變甚多。尤其是自杜哈部長級會議後印度在多邊論壇中的聲音受到重視。而自坎昆部長級會議以來印度開始積極在各類議題的多邊談判中與其他開發中國家合作，並著重擴充農業市場的進入管道。此外，在區域貿易協定(RTAs)的議題方面，印度的態度也有明顯的轉變。此篇文章除論及一些未來的關切事項外，主要著重在探討過去十年來印度在談判中轉變態度的決定性因素和其談判模式的主要特徵。　　從烏拉圭回合的最初幾年的協商迄今印度已經歷相當長的一段時間。那時印度與巴西、埃及聯手反對美國所提議的服務貿易自由化。在WTO成立之初，印度對WTO立場是基於國內考量，而非著重於策略。惟自杜哈部長會議之後，印度明顯地企圖有效地處理其主要關切。印度最近所採取的積極參與的策略使印度得以共同參與農業自由化的協商。另一方面，晚近盛行簽訂RTA熱，雖然選擇潛在的夥伴尚值得質疑，但預料也會對印度的經濟有利。印度決策制訂者已理解到溫順作法是毫無效果的，所以未來再採取這類政策的可能性微乎其微。

以文找文

Despite being a founder member of GATT, India never actively participated at the multilateral negotiations before the Uruguay Round. Even during the post-WTO period it adopted a submissive role upto the Seattle ministerial, which however changed in the subsequent period. In particular, India’s voice became audible at the multilateral forums from Doha ministerial onwards. Since the Cancun ministerial, India has started actively coordinating with other developing countries at multilateral negotiations on various issues, with a focus on enhancement of market access in agriculture. Furthermore, there has been a distinct shift in attitude of India towards Regional Trade Blocs (RTAs). The current paper intends to focus on the major determinants of the shift in India’s attitude and certain features of its negotiating pattern over the last decade, apart from addressing some future concerns.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Agarwal, Manmohan(2004)。Regional Trading Arrangements in the Era of Globalizations: An Indian Perspective。International Studies，41(4)，411-423。
2.	Krishna, Pravin(1998)。Regionalism and Multilateralism: A Political Economy Approach。The Quarterly Journal of Economics，113(1)，227-252。
3.	Anant, T. C. A.(2001)。India and the WTO: Flawed Rejectionist Approach。Economic and Political Weekly，36(46/47)，4243-4245。
4.	(2003)。Issues in the run up to Cancun。India and the WTO，5(5)，3-8。
5.	Sally, Razeen(2004)。Developing Country Trade Policy Reform and the WTO。Cato Journal，19(3)，403-423。
6.	The World Bank(199803)。What Effect Will East Asia's Crisis has on Developing Countries?。Prem Notes，1。
7.	Government of India(199911)。Newsletter of Ministry of Commerce。India and the WTO，1(11/12)，4-5。
8.	(200109)。India reaffirms position on WTO issues at Mexico meet。India and the WTO，3(9)。
9.	(20040816)。Statement by Kamal Nath, Minister for Commerce and Industry, in Parliament on the WTO Framework Agreement。India and the WTO，6(8)。
10.	(199904)。Differential and more Favourable Treatment for Developing and Least Developed Countries in various WTO Agreements--Concerns regarding Implementation。India and the WTO，1(4)，1-7。

會議論文
1.	Draper, Peter、Sally, Razeen(2004)。Developing-Country Coalitions in Multilateral Trade Negotiations。WTO Negotiations: India's Post-Cancun Concerns，Planning Commission and International Trade and Development Division, JNU (會議日期: October 18-19, 2004)。
2.	Mehta, Dewang(19990716)。Non-Tariff Trade Barriers in I.T. Trade。WTO Information Technology Symposium，(會議日期: 16 July 1999)。Geneva。
3.	Verma, Samar(2004)。How Big is the Bang for India: Market Access in Textiles Post 2004。The WTO and India: Issues and Negotiating Strategies，JNU, ICSSR and Cotton College (會議日期: August 11-12, 2004)。Guwahati。
4.	Deardorff, Alan V.、Stem, Robert M.(2004)。Designing A Pro-Active Stance for India in the Doha Development Agenda Negotiations。WTO Negotiations: India's Post-Cancun Concerns，Planning Commission and International Trade and Development Division, JNU (會議日期: October 18-19, 2004)。
5.	Barua, Alokesh、Chakraborty, Debashis(2004)。Liberalization, Trade and Industrial Performance in India: An Empirical Study。WTO Negotiations: India's Post-Cancun Concerns，Planning Commission and International Trade and Development Division, JNU (會議日期: October 18-19, 2004)。

研究報告
1.	Chakraborty, Debashis(2004)。Recent Negotiation Trends on Agriculture under WTO: Mutual Consensus during Transitory Phase?。New Delhi。
2.	Chakraborty, Debashis、Hazra, Arnab Kumar(2005)。Preferential Trade Agreements and India: A Review of Issues。New Delhi。
3.	Ministry of Commerce, Government of India(199911)。Non-Tariff Barriers faced by India。New Delhi。
4.	Ranjan, Prabhash(200502)。How Long can the G-20 hold itself together? A Power Analysis。New Delhi：Centre for Trade and Development, An Oxfam GB Initiative。
5.	Das, Deb Kusum(2003)。Quantifying Trade Barriers: Has Protection declined substantially in Indian Manufacturing?。New Delhi。

圖書
1.	Chisti, Sumitra(1991)。Restructuring of International Economic Relations: Uruguay Round and the Developing Countries。New Delhi：Concept Publishing Company。
2.	Sharma, Devinder(1995)。GATT-WTO: Seeds of Despair。New Delhi：Konark Publishers Pvt. Ltd.。
3.	(200310)。India and the WTO。
4.	(200312)。India and the WTO。
5.	Bhattacharyya, B.(1999)。Non-Tariff Measures on Indian Exports: An Assessment。New Delhi：Indian Institute of Foreign Trade。
6.	Khan, Amir Ullah、Debroy, Bibek(2004)。Intellectual Property Rights Beyond 2005: An Indian Perspective on the Debate on IPR Protection and the WTO'。Kottayam：D C School of Management and Technology。
7.	(199908)。India and the WTO。
8.	Bhagwati, Jagdish、Krueger, Anne O.(1995)。The Dangerous Drift to Preferential Trade Agreements。Washington D. C.：The AEI Press。
9.	Nordas, Hildegunn Kyvik(2004)。The Global Textile and Clothing Industry post the Agreement on Textile and Clothing。The World Trade Organisation。
10.	Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific(2000)。Non-tariff Measures with Potentially Restrictive Market Access Implications Emerging in a Post-Uruguay Round Context。New York：ESCAP。
11.	Mehta, Rajesh、George, J.(2005)。Food Safety Regulation, Concerns and Trade: The Developing Country Experience。New Delhi：Macmillan India。

單篇論文
1.	India's communication(20010329)。Extension of the Protection of Geographical Indications for Wines and Spirits to Geographical Indications for other products。
2.	(20040929)。Review of Progress in Negotiations, Including Pursuant to Paragraph 15 of the Guidelines for Negotiations(TN/S/W/2)。
3.	(20040929)。Mode 4-Transparency Issues(JOB(04)/142)。
4.	(20040331)。Review of Progress as established in Paragraph 15 of the Guidelines and Procedures for the Negotiations on Trade in Services(TN/S/W/19)。
5.	(20030725)。Implementation of Paragraph 15 of the Guidelines and Procedures for the Negotiations on Trade in Services(TN/S/W/16)。
6.	(20030703)。Proposed Liberalization of Mode 4 Under GATS Negotiations(TN/S/W/14)。

其他
1.	World Bank(200008)。Trade Blocs Policy Research Report，New York：Oxford University Press。，http://wwvv.worldbank.org/research/trade/pdf/tradeblocs2.pdf。
2.	The Hindu(20050320)。G-20 adopts New Delhi Declaration，http://www.thehmdubusinessline.eom/2005/03/20/stories/2005032001810300.htm。
3.	Baru, Sanjaya(20030620)。India Launches FTA Spree Before Cancun，http://fecoliimnists.expressindia.com/print.php7content id=36543。
4.	G-20 Ministerial Declaration，http://www.commerce.nic.in/wto_sub/g20/min_decln.htm。
5.	Dhar, Biswajit，Rao, C. Niranjan(20041225)。Third Amendment to 1970 Patent Act: An Analysis，http://www.epw.org.in/showArticles.php?root=2004&leaf=12&filename=8076&filetvpe=html。
6.	(20041019)。Developing Countries at UNCTAD call for the WTO Doha Programme to realize (not just reflect) Development，http://twnside.org.sg/title2/twninfo171.htrn.。
7.	International Food & Agricultural Trade Policy Council(20040210)。Twenty-Five Ways to Improve the Derbez Draft on Agriculture，http://www.agritrade.org/Doha/Derbez/Assessment%20Paper.pdf。
8.	(20040731)。India Rejects WTO Draft。
9.	Commonwealth Business Council(2001)。Developing Countries and the WTO Trade Debate: Compelling Case for Full Participation in the New Roun，London。
10.	(20040825)。California Senate passes Anti-BPO Bill。
11.	Thomas, Binu S.。Flood of food imports could destroy Indian agriculture，http://www.twniside.org.sg/title/flood-cn.htm。
12.	United States Trade Representative(2004)。Foreign Trade Barriers，www.ustr.gov。

圖書論文
1.	Hoekman, Bernard M.、Mavroidis, Petros C.(2001)。WTO Dispute Settlement, Transparency and Surveillance。Developing Countries and the WTO: A Pro-Active Agenda。Oxford：Blackwell Publishers。
2.	Mattoo, Aaditya、Subramanian, Arvind(2003)。India and the Multilateral Trading System Post-Doha: Defensive or Pro-active?。India and the WTO。Washington, DC：World Bank and Oxford University Press。
3.	Chakraborty, Debashis、Chaisse, Julien(2005)。Trade Policy Review Mechanism and Dispute Settlement System: A Cross-Country Analysis of Enforcing WTO Rules between Negotiations and Sanctions。WTO at Ten: Looking Back to Look Beyond。New Delhi：Konark Publishers。
4.	Sengupta, Dipankar、Chakraborty, Debashis、Baneiji, Pritam。Introduction: India at the WTO。Looking Beyond the Transitory Phase of WTO: An Indian Perspective。New Delhi：Academic Foundation。
5.	Julien Chaisse a、Chakraborty, Debashis(2004)。Disputes Resolution in the WTO: In the Light of Chinese and Indian Involvements。'Future Negotiation Issues at WTO: An India-China Perspective。New Delhi：Globus Books。
6.	Dasgupta, Subhendu(2001)。Their Rules, Our Rights: Intellectual Property Rules and Right to Health。WTO and TRIPS: Indian Perspective。Kalyani：University of Kalyani。
7.	Stiglitz, J. E.(1999)。Two Principles for the Next Round or, How to Bring Developing Countries in from the Cold。Developing Countries and the WTO: A Pro-Active Agenda。Oxford：Blackwell Publishers。

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