Curriculum policy-making is a complex political process, policy makers and concerned groups intend to affect other people’s actions through power, in order to influence curriculum policy made, policy-making processes, and curriculum implementation in classroom. In the face of drastic social, political, and economic changes, the Ministry of Education, Culture, and Science of Japan has encountered a number of problems and challenges in curriculum policy. What is the political structure of the Ministry of Education, Culture, and Science? What is the main characters of curriculum policy? What factors influence curriculum policy-making? This article investigates curriculum policy and its problems in Japan form political viewpoint.