本研究的目的有：（一）探討知識管理之內涵，分析不同背景變項之教育人員在知識管理概念知覺上之差異情形。（二）分析不同背景學校之教育人員在國民小學學校效能的知覺上差異情形。（三）探討國民小學知識管理與學校效能之關係及其預測力。（四）綜合研究結果，提供具體可行之建議，以供教育單位或未來進一步研究之參考。 本研究主要以問卷調查法進行，係以臺中縣之公立國民小學教育人員取樣對象。共抽取約840人，回收有效問卷728份。本研究工具為「國民小學知識管理與學校效能之研究調查問卷」，統計方法係採描述性統計分析、獨立樣本t考驗、單因子變異數分析、皮爾遜積差相關及逐步多元迴歸分析等。 研究結果顯示如下： 一、國民小學教育人員大都能有知識管理認知與對學校效能情況有正面評價。 二、男性、兼任行政職務、年長、資深、研究所畢業之教育人員對知識管理認知情況較理想。 三、規模中型的、一般地區的國民小學教育人員對知識管理的知覺情況較理想。 四、男性、兼任行政職務、年長、資深、師專畢業之教育人員對學校效能認知情況較理想。 五、規模大、中、小型學校對學校效能有不同認知層面；一般地區的學校對學校效能認知情況較理想。 六、學校知識管理情形愈佳，則學校效能愈佳。 七、知識管理的變項中對國民小學教育人員的學校效能預測作用中，以知識創新及知識應用最具有預測力。

The purposes of this study were to: (1) discuss the content of the "Knowledge Management" (K.M) in elementary schools and the effectiveness of schools; (2) analyze the difference of schools' background variables and educators' variables on K.M. and the effectiveness of schools in the elementary schools; (3) examine the correlation between K.M. and the effectiveness of schools in elementary schools, to analyze the influence of K.M. toward the effectiveness of schools in elementary schools; (4) provide some practical suggestion for education department or advanced researches. Literature review and questionnaire survey were conducted in this study. In this survey there were 840 samples served in the public elementary educators in Taichung County. Within 728 validable samples were collected, and the percentage was 87%. The instrument of this study is "Questionnaire on the study of the application of Knowledge Management in elementary schools and the effectiveness of schools". The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistic, independent sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearsons' product-monment correlation, and multiple stepwise regression. The results of the study indicate below: 1. There were over 70% perceptions of K.M. and the effectiveness of schools in elementary schools. 2. There were significant differences in elementary schools of K.M. in terms of the male, administrators, elders, seniors, educators from graduate institutes. 3. Educators from the schools which are middle size and urban had better awareness of K.M. in elementary schools. 4. There were significant differences in elementary schools of the effectiveness of schools in elementary schools in terms of the male, administrators, elders, seniors, educators form teacher's junior college. 5. Educators from the effectiveness in elementary schools had different perceptions. Educators from the schools which are urban had better awareness of the effectiveness in elementary schools. 6. The correlation between K.M. and the effectiveness of schools in elementary schools was positive. 7. Among the predicted variables of K.M. for the effectiveness of elementary schools, knowledge creation and knowledge application were better in prediction of the public elementary educators.