Currently globalization has been considered as an influencial factor in the social development of most countries around the world, and conservatives in those societies tend to view it as an undesirable trend of cultural Americanization. As a result, anti-Americanism has emerged or intensified throughout the world. Samuel Huntington, in analyzing the future development of world politics in early 1990s, pointed out that global conflicts had been dominated by cultural identity after the Cold War: in other words, cultural identity issue can be taken as an indicator in predicting future conflicts among nations. In the aftermath of the 9/11 terrorist attack, many Americans believe that Huntington x as right and the terrorist attack can be interpreted as a backlash from the Muslim fundamentalist forces against the spread of American culture. Following this argument, anti-Americanism is, obviously, a foregone conclusion of the clash of civilizations. Nevertheless, if we exam thoroughly the issues at hand, we will realize that instead of cultural conflicts it is the American dominant foreign policy and practices that should be blamed as the main cause of the anti-Americanism spread. Moreover, the monolithic structure of the world polity emerged after the collapse of the Soviet Union also contributed to the diffusion of anti-Americanism. The fomentation, significance, and expressions of anti-Americanism vary from region to region, country to country, and it would be incorrect to interpret the phenomenon in terms of clash of civilizations alone. The analysis of this paper indicates that the Realist perspective of power politics still better explains the issue of anti-Americanism in an era of globalization.