自由與決定論之矛盾問題在西方哲學思想史中一直是跨理論與實踐哲學雙向度的核心問題之一，而對此問題處理之關鍵哲思則當然是康德《純粹理性批判》中〈先驗辯證論〉之第參背反。本文對此問題將進行以下三向度之探討： 概念語言性：由西方的，特別是英美式的日常語言解析自由概念之三種基本意涵，亦即運動自由，活動與行動自由，以及抉擇自由。 概念史性：從希臘哲思起到康德哲思前止對於此問題之主要思想處理方式底生成發展，特別是柏拉圖與亞里斯多德開始所創立的兩種不同的處理模式，至近代理性主義與經驗主義對此問題之轉化。 文本詮釋性：在以上兩向度之脈絡下進一步重新理解康德《純粹理性批判》〈先驗辯證論〉之第參背反底處理模式，亦即康德如何一方面直覺綜合地掌握自由之語言概念中的精髓，另一方面理論原創地於其時代思想脈絡中轉化自由之概念史中既有的模式而構思出其自身的自由與決定論背反與解消，特別是其先驗性自由之概念以及其現象與物自身之區分。

The contradiction of freedom and determinism is always one of the core-problems across the two dimensions of theoretical and practical philosophy. The nodal point of philosophizing of this problem is of course the third antinomy of the “Transcendental Dialectic” of Critique of Pure Reason. This essay tries to research this antinomic problem through three dimensions: Conceptual-linguistic: from the western horizon, especially the Anglo-Saxon philosophizing of ordinary language, we shall analyze the three fundamental meanings of the concept of freedom: the freedom of movement, of action and of choice. Conceptual-historical: From the history of the genesis and development of dominant thinking-approach for this problem, i.e., from ancient Greek philosophizing to Kant, we shall underline especially the two different models, which are initiated each by Plato and Aristotle, and are transformed by rationalism and empiricism in modern age. Text-hermeneutical: in the context of the two dimensions mentioned above we shall re-interpret Kant’s model of the third antinomy in “transcendental Dialectics” of Critique of Pure Reason, that is, how Kant grasps intuitively and synthetically the conceptual-linguistic essence of freedom on the one side, and on the other side transform theoretically and creatively the existing models in the intellectual history of his time and conceptualize his own solution of the antinomy between freedom und determinism, in particular, the idea of transcendental freedom and the distinction of phenomenon and Thing in itself.