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題名:雙占市場下管理授權與轉撥訂價之等同性分析
書刊名:亞太經濟管理評論
作者:王雅津 引用關係邱莉惠
出版日期:2005
卷期:9:1
頁次:頁31-47
主題關鍵詞:管理授權轉撥訂價等同性Managerial delegationTransfer pricingEquivalence outcome
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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企業常因不同的內部組織架構而採取不同的管理策略。有垂直部門化的廠商,將由企業決策核心利用轉撥訂價作為一策略工具,來影響銷售部門的行為反應,以取得整個企業集團的最大利潤。而沒有垂直部門化的廠商,其產品的製造與銷售由單一經理人管理,組織可採取的管理授權的方式,藉此透過邊際成本影響市場的決策,進而達成利潤移轉的目標。本文以轉撥訂價及管理授權這兩個非對稱性工具作為模型之基礎,討論其策略性效果是否具有等同性之議題。結果發現,縱使不同策略工具會形成企業的目標函數有不同的線性組合,轉撥訂價與管理授權在本文中被証明是具有等同性的。也就是,企業不會因這兩圈策略工具選擇的不同而有不同的市場均衡結果。本文也將模型延伸,應論策略工具領導者模型,並顯示策略工具由同時決策改變成循序決策,將使得領導者具有市場份額及利潤移轉之優勢,雖然整體產業的利潤下降了,但社會福利卻因消費者剩餘的提昇而更?增進。
Vertical divisionalization firms’ headquarters may use transfer price as an instrument to influence marketing division’s behavior and maximize profit of the whole firm. Managers are in control of product manufacturing and selling in non-divisionalization firms. Firms without adopting vertical integration may use managerial incentive to affect manager’s decision through a change in marginal cost in order to shift profit. Incorporate two asymmetric instruments, transfer pricing and managerial delegation into Cournot duopoly model, it shows that the use of transfer pricing and managerial delegation has equivalence outcome even though different strategy will cause firm’s objective function with different linear combination. In other words, the market equilibrium outcome will still be the same even though different instruments are used. Instrument simultaneous move were replaced by instrument-leading move in a Stackelberg leader model, leader will have advantage to capture market share and shift profit, and consequently social welfare improves due to consumer surplus increase, and profit decrease.
期刊論文
1.Fershtman, C.(1990)。The Interdependence between Ownership Status and Market Structure: The Case of Privatization。Economica,57,319-328。  new window
2.Raimondos-Møller, P.、Scharf, K.(2002)。Transfer Pricing Rules and Competing Governments。Oxford Economic Papers,54(4),230-246。  new window
3.Miller, N. H.、Pazgal, A. I.(2001)。The Equivalence of Price and Quantity Competition with Delegation。Rand Journal of Economics,32(2),284-301。  new window
4.Elitzur, R.、Mintz, J. M.(1996)。Transfer pricing rules and corporate tax competition。Journal of Public Economics,60(3),401-422。  new window
5.Clausing, Kimberly A.(2003)。Tax-motivated transfer pricing and US intrafirm trade prices。Journal of Public Economics,87(9/10),2207-2223。  new window
6.Bartelsman, E. J.、Beetsma, R. M. W. J.(2003)。Why pay more? Corporate tax avoidance through transfer pricing in OECD countries。Journal of Public Economics,87(9/10),2225-2252。  new window
7.Vickers, John(1985)。Delegation and the Theory of the Firm。The Economic Journal,95(Supplement),138-147。  new window
8.Tirole, Jean(1994)。The Internal Organization of Government。Oxford Economic Papers,46(1),1-29。  new window
9.Cravens, Karen S.(1997)。Examining the Role of Transfer Pricing as a Strategy for Multinational Firms。International Business Review,6(2),127-145。  new window
10.Gemon, H.、Emmanuel, C.、Gray, S. J.(1998)。An Approach to Teaching International Management Accounting and Control: Integrating Corporate Strategy, Organizational Structure and Culture。Journal of Accounting Education,16(1)。  new window
11.Gonzàlez-Maestre, M.(2000)。Divisionalization and Delegation in Oligopoly。Journal of Economics and Management Strategy,9(3),321-338。  new window
12.Gòx, R. F.(2000)。Strategic Transfer Pricing, Absorption Costing, and Observability。Management Accounting Research,11(3),327-348。  new window
13.Meer-Kooistra, J.(1994)。The Coordination of Internal Transactions the Functioning of Transfer Pricing Systems in the Organisational Context。Management Accounting Research,5,123-152。  new window
14.Nielsen, S. B.、Raimondos-Møller, P.、Schjelderup, G.(2003)。Formula Apportionment and Transfer Pricing under Oligopolistic Competition。Journal of Public Economic Theory,5(2),419-438。  new window
15.Schjelderup, G.、Sørgard, L.(1997)。Transfer Pricing as a Strategic Device for Decentralized Multinationals。International Tax and Public Finance,4,277-290。  new window
16.Zhao, L.(2000)。Decentralization and Transfer Pricing under Oligopoly。Southern Economic Journal,67(2),414-426。  new window
17.Yancy, W. F.、Cravens, K. S.(1998)。A Framework for international tax planning。Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation,7(2),251-272。  new window
18.Holmstrom, Bengt、Milgrom, Paul(1994)。The firm as an incentive system。American Economic Review,84(4),972-991。  new window
19.Brander, James A.、Spencer, Barbara J.(1985)。Export Subsidies and International Market Share Rivalry。Journal of International Economics,18(1/2),83-100。  new window
20.Fershtman, C.、Judd, K. L.(1987)。Equilibrium incentives in oligopoly。American Economic Review,77(5),927-940。  new window
21.Sklivas, Steven D.(1987)。The Strategic Choice of Managerial Incentives。Rand Journal of Economics,18(3),452-458。  new window
22.Bulow, Jeremy I.、Geanakoplos, John D.、Klemperer, Paul D.(1985)。Multimarket Oligopoly: Strategic Substitutes and Complements。Journal of Political Economy,93(3),488-511。  new window
23.Hirschliefer, Jack(1956)。On the Economics of Transfer Pricing。Journal of Business,29,172-184。  new window
24.Spengler, J.(1950)。Vertical Integration and Anti-trust Policy。Journal of Political Economy,58(2),347-352。  new window
25.Baldenius, T.、Reichelstein, S.、Melumad, N. D.(2004)。Integrating Managerial and Tax Objectives in Transfer Pricing。The Accounting Review,79(3),591-615。  new window
研究報告
1.Shleifer, A.(1998)。State versus Private Ownership。Cambridge, MA:National Bureau of Economic Research。  new window
圖書
1.OECD(1995)。Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administration。Paris:Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development。  new window
2.Tirole, J.(1988)。The Theory of Industrial Organization。MIT Press。  new window
單篇論文
1.Lambertini, L.(2004)。Innovation and Managerial Incentives: A Tale of Two Systems,Department of Economics, University of Bologna。  new window
2.Foros, O.,Kind, H. J.,Sorgard, L.(2004)。Managerial Incentives and Access Price Regulation,Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration。  new window
 
 
 
 
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