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題名:高科技產品與技術之出口管制--以加密為例
書刊名:清華科技法律與政策論叢
作者:王郁琦
作者(外文):Wang, Yu-chi
出版日期:2005
卷期:2:3
頁次:頁123-171
主題關鍵詞:加密出口管制瓦聖那協約CryptographExport controlWassenaar arrangement
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 共同引用共同引用:3
  • 點閱點閱:60
加密技術乃自現代密碼學(Cryptography)所發展出之密碼技術應用。許多領域的秘密維護,如軍事機密、個人隱私、財務資料、通訊隱私或是商業機密,與電影、唱片等智慧財產權之保護等,皆有加密技術之涉入。加密不僅成為現代社會中不可或缺之信賴來源、保護個人隱私之利器,亦具有高度市場價值。然而由於加密技術之應用同樣使恐怖活動、間諜活動或組織性犯罪得維持隱密而更難以為執法與情治機關所掌握,加密亦將對於國家安全與治安產生負面影響。由於加密之上述特性,各國往往企圖對其施以一定程度之管理,出口管制即為手段之一。管制程度的考量,則包括國防軍事、產業競爭力、隱私保護、內國使用者之影響,以及言論自由。管制趨勢上亦走上逐步放寬。本文係以與外國立法例與國際條約比較之方式,闡述瓦聖那協約的相關內容,並比較澳洲、英國與美國的出口管制規定,以加密為例,提供我國整體高科技管制貨品之輸出管制制度修正之觀點。並同時評析日前行政院提出之敏感科學技術保護法草案可能之疑問所在,以供將來審議之參考。由於我國目前投身於加密技術相關研發之本土廠商數量極少,我國仍屬加密技術之進口國,因此就我國之加密出口管制制度,當務之急應在國際認可之前提下,以他國規定為師,修改規定便利出口者之改良。經比較研究後,本文認為目前我國對加密應用之出口管制政策並無調整必要,但實體貨品之出口管制規定則應以許可種類增加為中心為全面修正。除增加許可種類、許可無效、取消等規定、明定資料保存義務外,主管機關亦可利用網路之便利性主動出擊提供資訊;並建議按照瓦聖那協約之指導蒐集整理資訊。非實體移轉方面,本文則認為日前行政院提出之敏感科學技術保護法草案於立法目的思考及規範周密度上,皆有再加考量與修改之必要。
Cryptography is the science of keeping information secret. Modern encryption plays an important role in electronic commerce (EC) for its traits of fulfilling the authenticity, integrity, and non-repudiation, which is crucial for EC. Because encryption can be used for military and diplomatic purposes, the export of certain encryption technologies and commodities had long been controlled in many countries. Some countries have reached an understanding on the export control of cryptography through "Wassenaar Arrangement". Although this agreement outlines the approach taken by the participants, each individual country applies its own controls to the products in question and still can formulate their internal regulation on their own discretions. After studied the relative policy discussions and export control systems in the United States, UK, and Australia, the author provides some substantial opinions to reform the high-tech export control system in Taiwan, hoping to benefit the information industry that Taiwan has the competitive edge over other countries.
期刊論文
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圖書
1.Maiwald, Eric、尤焙麟、謝侑純、王子敬(2002)。網路安全入門手冊。台北:美商麥格羅希爾股分有膜公司台灣分公司。  延伸查詢new window
2.資通安全報告書編纂委員會(200102)。2001資通安全報告書。台北:國家資通安全會報技術服務中心。  延伸查詢new window
3.經濟部(200210)。產業技術白皮書2003。台北:經濟部技術處。  延伸查詢new window
4.魯道夫.基彭哈恩、鄧白樺、姚文俊、滕峻輝(2003)。密碼傳奇--從軍事隱語到電子晶片。臺北:世茂出版社。  延伸查詢new window
5.賴溪松、張真誠、韓亮(2003)。近代密碼學及其應用。臺北:松崗圖書公司:旗標出版股份有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
其他
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3.國貿局(20030318)。加強戰略性高科技貨品出口管制宣導說明會Q&A彙整表,http://cweb.trade.gov,tw/kmDoit.asp?CAT330&CtNode=602, 2005/03/01。  延伸查詢new window
4.國貿局(20040406)。戰略性高科技貨品「國際進口證明書」,「抵達證明書」及經本局指定之相關保證文件之制式格式及其申請說明修正公告,http://cweb.trade.gov.tw/kmDoitasp?CAT330&CtNode=602, 2005/03/01。  延伸查詢new window
5.國貿局(20040402)。加強戰略性高科技貨品出口管制措施,http://cweb.trade.gov,tw/kmDoitasp?CAr330&CtNode=602, 2005/03/01。  延伸查詢new window
6.Koops, Bert-Jaap。Overview Per Country,http://rechten.uvt.n1/koops/ciyptolaw/cls2.htm, 2005/03/01。  new window
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9.BIS。Applying For An Encryption Licensing Arrangement (ElA),http://www.bxa.doc.gov/encryption/ela.htm, 2005/03/01。  new window
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30.Tsuchiya, Motohiro。Comparative Studies of Encryption Regulation in Japan and the United States:Do Cyberspace Policies Converge?,http://www.inet2(K)2.org/CD-ROM/lu65rw2n/papers/g10-a.pdf, 2004/02/02。  new window
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