The issue of humanism and anti-humanism is among the most critical in modern and postmodern art education. The analysis of such issue and its implication are also important for both college art education, which trains artist and art educators, and school art education in the elementary and secondary levels. Equipped with adequate and appropriate understanding of modern and post-modern aesthetics and theories of art education, the art and art education students could better develop their artistic production and their research. In the current Nine-Year Curriculum in Taiwan, visual arts belong to the learning domain of Arts and Humanity, with the other two, music and performing arts. The meaning of Humanity in the domain is yet to enrich and interpret. This article is therefore to clarify the meaning, categories, and basic ideas of humanism, to analyze humanism from the perspective of modern aesthetics and art education, to interpret anti-humanism from the perspective of post-modern aesthetics and art education, and finally, in the conclusion, to address the implications of the above findings for college art education and school art education in Taiwan, as well as the reconsideration of the relationship between humanistic and anti-humanistic aesthetics.