In Taiwan, males' labor force participation rate (employment rate) had declined from 97% (96%) to 93% (88%) between 1994 and 2002. We investigated the patterns and the causes of this trend against changes in population size, market opportunities, and participation behaviors. We found that, before 1994, the favorable labor market opportunities were successful in absorbing the large increase in prime-aged population. The growth in the labor market opportunities, however, has slowed down since 1994, and was no longer able to catch up with the increases in population size. Both the market opportunities and the labor force participation behaviors had significantly declined for workers with nine years of schooling and below. To a lesser extent, the workers with twelve years of schooling had also suffererd. Prime-aged males who had lost their jobs in most cases chose to remain in the labor force. In the meantime, the proportion of workers out of the labor force grew substantially since 1994.