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題名：無財源提供強制責任在財政聯邦主義之角色--兼論「無財源提供強制責任改革法」的內容與執行成效
書刊名：公共事務評論
作者：張育哲
作者(外文)：Chang, Yu-che
出版日期：2006
卷期：7:2
頁次：頁89-114
主題關鍵詞：中央請客地方買單；無財源提供強制責任；地方財政；財政聯邦主義；府際關係；Local government pays for central government's bill；Unfunded mandates；Local public finance；Fiscal federalism；Intergovernmental relations
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
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財政聯邦主義一直是府際間關係變化最為主要的核心議題。本文首先檢視財政聯邦主義自新政以來在府際關係各個歷史階段的變異。透過近幾年美國聯邦與州政府財務問題的審視與財政政策的論述，發現在二十一世紀之初無財源提供強制責任的運用再次成為美國聯邦與各州之間爭議的焦點。 其次，本文對「無財源提供強制責任改革法」進行分析。該法的主要架構係針對無財源提供強制責任的運用，在立法、行政、司法等政府部門分別賦予非強制性的程序要求，以期能盡可能降低對於下級政府的財政衝擊。其中，國會預算局在立法程序中，負責對無財源提供強制責任造成的州與地方財務衝擊進行評估，為最重要的角色。並且，一般認為其運作的成果相當成功。但相形之下，該法對於行政規則制定程序的要求，卻似乎無法達到預期的效果。
Fiscal federalism has always been the focal point of intergovernmental relations. This study examines how the role of fiscal federalism has changed during the various stages of intergovernmental relations. By reviewing the fiscal problems of the American federal and state governments over the past few years, it is found that unfunded mandates have once again become the most controversial intergovernmental issue in the beginning of the twenty-first century. Furthermore, this study scrutinizes the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act. It is found that this Act constructs nonbinding procedural requirements for legislative, administrative, and judicial branches of government respectively for the utilization of unfunded mandates. In general, it is agreed that the Congressional Budget Office has played the most important role in assessing the fiscal impacts of mandates deliberated in the Congress. Nevertheless, the implementation of this Act is not as successful in the administrative rule-making process.
期刊論文
1.Posner, Paul L.(1997)。Unfunded Mandates Reform Act: 1996 and Beyond。Publius，27(2)，53-71。  new window
圖書
1.Cooper, Phillip J.(1998)。Public Administration for the Twenty-First Century。Orlando：Harcourt Brace。  new window
2.Fisher, Ronald C.(1996)。State and Local Public Finance。Chicago, IL：Richard D. Irwin。  new window
3.Wright, Deil S.(1988)。Understanding Intergovernmental Relations。Brooks/Cole Publishing Company。  new window
4.Shafritz, Jay M.、Russell, E. W.、Borick, C. P.(1997)。Introducing Public Administration。New York：Longman。  new window
其他
1.翁錟(2000)。強制性責任之經濟效果分析。  延伸查詢new window
2.曾巨威、黃明聖、周麗芳(1996)。全民健康保險減免保險費制度之公平性及對政府財政影響評估之研究。  延伸查詢new window
3.溫麗琪(1997)。美國『無補助的行政命令』--環保政策。  延伸查詢new window
4.劉代洋、劉姿緩(1999)。無財源提供之強制性責任對地方財政負擔影響之分析。  延伸查詢new window
5.劉姿緩(1998)。無財源提供之強制性責任對地方財政負擔影響之分析。  延伸查詢new window
6.蔡緒奕(2001)。中央強制性責任對地方財政之衝擊--以全民健保保費補助為例。  延伸查詢new window
7.Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations(1995)。ACIR Criteria for Review of Federal Mandates。  new window
8.Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations(1996)。The Role of Federal Mandates in Intergovernmental Relations: A Preliminary ACIR Report for Public Review and Comment。  new window
9.Adler, R.W.(1997)。Unfunded Mandates and Fiscal Federalism: A Critique。  new window
10.Antonelli, A.(1996)。Promises Unfulfilled: Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995。  new window
11.Beeler, J. D. andW. A. Morehead(1995)。GASB Statement 18 and One State’s Response。  new window
12.Congressional Budget Office, CBO(2005a)。CBO Testimony, Statement of Douglas Holtz-Eakin。  new window
13.Congressional Budget Office(2005b)。CBO Report。  new window
14.Eastman, J. C.(2002)。Re-entering the Arena: Restoring a Judicial Role for Enforcing Limits on Federal Mandates。  new window
15.General Accounting Office, GAO(1998)。Unfunded Mandates, ReformAct Has Had Little Effect on Agencies’ Rulemaking Action。  new window
16.Gold, S. D. and S. Richie(1991)。State Policies Affecting Cities and Counties: Important Developments in 1990。  new window
17.Gullo, T.(2004)。History and Evaluation of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act。  new window
18.Gullo, T. and J. M. Kelly(1998)。Federal Unfunded Mandate Reform: A First-year Retrospective。  new window
19.Kelly, J. M.(1994)。Unfunded Mandates: The View from the States。  new window
20.Kenyon, D. A.(2003)。The Federal Government’s Impact on State and Local Government Finances。  new window
21.Kincaid, J.(1995)。Intergovernmental Deregulation?。  new window
22.Kincaid, J.(2003)。The Crisis in Fiscal Federalism。  new window
23.Krane, D.(2003)。The State of American Federalism, 2000-2003: Division Replace Unity。  new window
24.Lav, I. J. and J. R.St. George(1995)。Will Curbs on Unfunded Mandates Protect States from the Impact of a Federal Balanced Budget Amendment?。  new window
25.Miceli, T. J. and K. Segerson(1999)。Threshold Rules for Funding Environmental Mandates: Accountability and the Unfunded Mandate ReformAct。  new window
26.National League of Cities(1994)。The State of America’s Cities: The Tenth Annual Opinion Survey of Municipal Elected Officials。  new window
27.Pendergrass, J., P. Locke and J. McElfish(1995)。The Environment and the Contract。  new window
28.Posner, P. L.(1998)。The Politics of Unfunded Mandates: Wither Federalism?。  new window
29.Roin, J. A.(1999)。Reconceptualizing Unfunded Mandates and Other Regulations。  new window
30.Smith, R.(2001)。The Duet of Decentralization and ‘Unfunded Mandates’。  new window
31.St. George, J. R.(1995)。Unfunded Mandates: Balancing State and National Needs。  new window
32.Tannenwald, R.(2002)。Are State and Local Revenue Systems Becoming Obsolete?。  new window
33.Troy, D. E.(1997)。The Unfunded Mandates ReformAct of 1995。  new window
34.Turner, J. H.(1996)。Unfunded Mandates –AView from the Private Sector。  new window
35.Weir, M.(1995)。In the Shadows: Central Cities’ Loss of Power in State Politics。  new window
36.Willoughby, K. G.(2003)。State Revenue Choices and Gubernatorial Initiatives。  new window
37.Wright, D. S.(2003)。Federalism and Intergovernmental Relations: Traumas, Tensions, and Trends。  new window
 
 
 
 
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