Taiwan had become the 144th member of the WTO since 2002 and had committed to follow the agreement on trade liberalization. Since the fishery fuel tax exemption policy in Taiwan is against the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures under WTO agreement, the fishery sector in Taiwan has faced the impact of eliminating the policy. In addition, in order to conserve the fish resource, the government has implemented a program to reward the fishing vessels which had fulfilled the requirement to fish 100 days at least and had suspended their fishing activities at least 120 days voluntarily started from Sep. 1, 2002 to Aug. 31, 2003. This study utilizes the most current available database in 2002 to specify the fisheries sector partial equilibrium model to evaluate the impact of eliminating fishery fuel tax exemption and the impact of voluntarily suspending fishing activities program. Based on the average wage cost of various tonnage class fishing vessels in 2002, this study shows that the annual rewards of the suspending fishing activities voluntarily are only enough to cover 18 days, 3 days, and 2 days of the fishing activities under 0-10 tons, 10-50 tons, and 50-100 tons, respectively. It is clearly that there is not enough incentive to reduce fishing effort to help the resource to recover. Hence, a mandatory closed fishing season during July and August in Taiwan was proposed by this study and a further simulation was conducted to evaluate the impact on the producer surplus. This study finds that if the fishery fuel tax exemption will be removed in 2005, in contract to the 2002 base year when Taiwan accesses into WTO, the total production and the profit of the coastal and offshore fishing industry decrease by 4.04% and 13.20%, respectively, and the intermediate input cost will increase by 5.87%, which indicates the deadweight loss of fishermen. If the fishing season is closed during July and August, the total production and the total intermediate input of the coastal and offshore fishing industry would decrease by 8.65% and 9.28%, respectively. Since the voluntarily suspending program would not be able to reduce the fishing effort efficiently, especially to most of the fishing vessels which had already fulfill the requirement, it is necessary to enforce a mandatory closed fishing season program. In contract to the current situation that reducing the fuel tax exemption to half, the mandatory closed fishing season program would decrease producer surplus by 8.23% and the amount of compensation is estimated to be about NT$2.1 billion in order to maintain the producer surplus unchanged. This study recommends the government should redirect the NT$3.7 funding that supports for the fishery fuel tax exemption, to compensate fishermen under the mandatory closed fishing season scenario and to achieve the management goal of sustainability of the fishery resource.