日本的人力資源管理的趨勢，在進入本世紀以後，有了很明顯變化。事實上，影響這些變化的結構性因素早在十多年前就已經形成。產業和人口結構的轉變、國際競爭的壓力以及國民就業意識和企業經營者的僱用觀念的改變都是影響目前的勞務管理的主要原因。日本政府在因應這些變化所做的勞工政策和法令的調整、以及民間企業本身努力推動各項嘗試，是本文所要討論的重點。其中所衍伸出來的非典型雇用和典型雇用之間的各項問題，已經成為今後的主要課題，它的發展和各項新興法令的成效也值得我們繼續留意觀察。

The trend of Japanese HRM has obviously changed upon the arrival of the new century. As a matter of the fact, those structural factors than influenced these changes were in existence from over ten years ago. The transitions of population composition, pressure of international competition, and attitude of the people's and employer's employment were considered to have an impact on the current HRM. The main points of this essay discuss the effort at reformation of labor policies, the adjustment of laws and regulations by the government, and the reorganization by enterprise. Looking beyond these discussion points, we can see that some problems between the atypical employment and typical employment are going to become important issues in the future. We also should pay more attention to its development and the effect of the newly-risen reformations.