目標：臺灣愛滋病病患感染最近幾年明顯上升，此研究以尚未被同儕影響的大一新生為研究對象，調查其愛滋病的相關知識、態度與行為。 方法：於2004年9月針對9所大學 (包括公立、私立、醫學大學、職業學校)的11,847位新生進行問卷調查。 結果：知識問題平均答對分數為86.8％。態度方面，42.2％受訪者會避免與愛滋病患接觸，13.6％受訪者會因家人感染愛滋病而感尷尬。在男女學生群中，知識及態度的相關性係數極低 (皮爾森積差相關係數：男學生，0.182；女學生，0.074，p,0.001)。學校及電視是取得愛滋病相關資訊的主要途徑。受訪者的性取向為：93.3％異性戀，1.1％雙性戀，0.5％同性戀。第一次性行為平均年齡為17.1歲 (標準差1.5歲)。在1,179 (10％)位性活躍的學生中，只有30.9％同學會在每次性行為時使用保險套，此外，9.9％學生有飲酒的行為，157 (1.3％) 位曾使用過禁藥，其中10位曾使用過靜脈注射的非法藥物。禁藥的來源包括：朋友 (58.6％)，酒吧 (45.2％) 及學校 (21.6％)。 結論：臺灣高中畢業生對於愛滋病的相關知識及態度仍有不正確之處，建議加強高中生的愛滋教育。

Objectives: By the end of 2004, there were 403 students infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reported to Taiwan’s Center for Disease Control. The objective of this study was to understand the knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding HIV-1 and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among new entrant (freshman) university students in Taiwan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in September 2004. Self-administered questionnaires from 11,847 students of nine universities were collected and analyzed. Results: The mean knowledge score was high-86.8. Regarding attitude, 42.2% of students would avoid contacts with HIV/AIDS patients; and 13.6% felt embarrassed if one of their family members had AIDS. The attitude scores of the students did not correlate with the knowledge scores (Pearson correlation: 0.182 and 0.074 for male and female students, respectively). Students identified both school and television as the main sources of information. The sexual orientations were 93.3% heterosexuals, 1.1% bisexuals and 0.5% homosexuals. The mean age of first sexual intercourse was 17.1 (SD±1.5). Among 1,179 (10%) students who had sexual experiences, only 30.9% used condoms consistently. In addition, 9.9% were alcohol consumers and 157 students (1.3%) were illicit drug users which including 10 injecting drug users. Students obtained drugs mainly from friends (58.6%), in pubs (45.2%) and at school (21.6%). This is a significant finding. Conclusions: There were knowledge gaps and many misconceptions about transmission routes of HIV-1. More AIDS education including anti-drug information should be provided to high school students in Taiwan.