1980年代開始興起的台灣原住民族運動主要關懷的議題包括土地與資源權，這展現在一波波的還我土地運動之上。然而，這些運動的成就非常有限，原住民的土地及資源權持續地在國家機構及國家規範的掌控之下，尤其是諸如國家公園、森林地、礦區等均未見原住民享有具體的土地及資源相關權利。自從1990年代末期以來，行政院原住民族委員會、營建署國家公園組、以及一些關懷的學者開始向台灣社會引界加拿大「第一民族」的經驗。許多原住民社群以及政府也逐漸認爲加拿大的「第一民族」經驗是台灣原住民適合的學習模式，尤其是在還我土地、國家公園共同管理、以及原住民自治議題上。本文一方面探究加拿大原住民爭取權利的歷史發展，另一方面以馬告國家公園的爭議以及太魯閣國家公園文化諮詢委員會的短暫成立爲例，來檢視台灣學習加拿大「第一民族」模式的意義與限制。

Indigenous movements in Taiwan since the 1980s have centered on land and resource issues, as shown in waves of land claim movements. These movements, however, have resulted in little achievements as indigenous land and resource rights continue to be dominated by state agencies and regulations, especially in areas such as national parks, national forests, and mining fields. In the late 1990s, the Council of Indigenous Peoples, the National Park Agency, and some concerned scholars began to introduce Canadian indigenous experiences into Taiwanese society. Indigenous communities and the government alike increasingly consider Canadian First Nations experiences, in issues such as land claims, co-management of national parks, and self-government, as models to learn from. Using mainly the proposed Magau National Park debates as well as Taroko National Park's Cultural Consulting Committee experience as examples, this paper will explore the aforementioned issues so as to examine the limits of applying the ”Canadian model” in Taiwan.