本文以構式語法的架構來探討漢語中的過量結構「V 他個N」。鑒
於其句法和語意的特殊性，本文主張過量結構不歸屬於漢語中其它的
任何結構，而應該被視為是一個獨立的結構。就句法上而言，過量結
構必須由一個非指稱性的「他」後接一個不定名詞組(包含數詞—類別
詞—(名詞))或一個形容詞補語；就語意上而言，過量結構只允許有意
志性的施事者，並描述一個有界的情況。本結構的結構意義是「超過
一個隱性的標準」，而非一般所認為的「使(人)滿足」，我們認為這層
意義來自於「他」，而這個結構的發展也受限於「他」原本的詞彙意義。
構式語法的的優點在於可以讓語言使用者以有系統的方式將原本熟悉
的結構應用在新的語境中，並合理的解釋某些新「動詞」的用法。

This paper explores the excessive construction, formally represented as “V ta ge
N”, in Mandarin Chinese in terms of construction grammar. In view of its syntactic and
semantic peculiarities, the excessive construction cannot be identified with any of the
established constructions in the grammar. Rather, it is argued to represent a new type.
Syntactically, the excessive construction demands a non-referential ta followed by an
indefinite NP consisting of a numeral-classifier(-noun) sequence or by an adjectival
complement. Semantically, the excessive construction allows only a volitional agent
and denotes a telic situation. The constructional meaning of the excessive construction
is postulated as ‘above an implicit norm’, instead of the generally recognized ‘to one’s
satisfaction’. This connotation is assumed to derive from ta, whose original meaning
constrains later semantic developments of the construction. The constructional analysis
proposed in the paper allows language users to apply the familiar pattern to new
contexts in principled ways, providing a motivated account of use with novel verbs.