The Macao Legislative Assembly elections in 2005 demonstrated the growing political participation among Macao people. Although there are no political parties in Macao, the strong and well-organized electoral mobilization by candidates and social groups reflected the trend of these social groups evolving into political parties. Moreover, the elections showed that voters tended to use their ballots to penalize legislators whose performance was not satisfactory. These were positive signs of the 2005 elections. Nevertheless, fierce electoral competition intensified money politics as well as other irregularities in the elections. These were significant obstacles to the democratization of Macao.