The purpose of this study was to use the literature review to introduce the rock climbing and competition's course of change and development. Originally rock climbing was a technique of mountaineering. Then some climbers became interested in this unique technique and more and more gears were invented and developed, so the rock climbing became a kind of sport even brought the rock climbing competition. This sport was well developed in Europe and United States. Now there are formal international organizations and competitions of rock climbing. Taiwanese rock climbing was derived from Japanese. In early times, rock climbing was also a technique of mountaineering in Taiwan. After some decades, the rock climbing was stood along by Taiwanese climbers and organizations. Right now Taiwan already has set up different kinds of formal licenses of rock climbing. The earliest climbing competition was held on a natural wall. After the artificial wall invented, climbing competition was changed to that kind of wall. Till now there are world championship, world cup, continent championship, and X-Games to make the competitions. But X-Games now only the Asian X-Games have the climbing competition. Taiwanese rock climbing competition's change and development is just like the world's trend, from the natural wall to artificial wall. Taiwan has the tournament competitions, tryout, and university cup competition now. In the future, rock climbing in Taiwan still needs more helps from governments and enterprises. As the 2009 World Games in Kaoshiung, rock climbing is one game in it, we hope we can hold a good competition and have a good climber with excellent performance.