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題名:
偏向成長、相對價格與就業效果--特定要素與效率工資模型
書刊名:
經濟論文
作者:
曹添旺
作者(外文):
Tsaur, Tien-wang
出版日期:
2008
卷期:
36:1
頁次:
頁53-87
主題關鍵詞:
成長
;
相對價格
;
失業
;
特定要素
;
效率工資
;
Growth
;
Relative prices
;
Unemployment
;
Specific factors
;
Effficiency wage
原始連結:
連回原系統網址
相關次數:
被引用次數:期刊(
2
) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
排除自我引用:0
共同引用:
22
點閱:70
本文將效率工資假說納入一個包含特定生產要素的兩部門(貿易財及非貿易財)模型,藉以探討不同部門的成長對小型開放經濟商品相對價格、勞動就業、實質工資及國際收支的影響。我們從生產面的分析架構堆導出貿易財與非貿易財的供給是商品相對價格和特定生產要素的函數,並發現:某產業的特定要素變動只等比例地影響該產業的產出,對其他產業的產出則沒有影響;而兩部門共同的生產要素(勞動)的增加,則徒增整體社會的失業,並不會提高兩部門的產出與就業。這些與傳統Heckscher-Ohlin貿易理論及特定要素模型迥異的結果,即源自效率工資模型所蘊涵的實質工資(以一般物價平減)僵固性。同時,分析的結果也指出:商品的相對價格及特定生產要素的相對數量是導致貿易財產業及非貿易財產業工資差異的兩大因素;而此工資差異正是影響社會失業率及各個產業勞動就業量的關鍵。在探討各部門特定生產要素增加的效果時,我們發現:在穩固狀態下,兩部門的相對工資(乃至其說業量)是增或減,端視成長的型態及各個產業勞動與特定要素的替代程度而定;而兩部門勞動就業量的衝擊效果及其動態調整路徑,亦因生產要素替代彈性、勞動所得份額、消費支出比例及相關結構參數的相對大小而呈現多樣的面貌。
以文找文
This paper incorporates the efficiency wage hypothesis into a specific-factor two sector (tradable and non-tradable goods) model to investigate the effects of growth in each sector on the relative prices of commodities, the employment of labor, and the balance of payments. The derived two-commodity supply functions show that the specific factor growth in one sector at constant commodity prices leads to a proportional expansion of its own output only, and has no effect on the output of the other sector. Moreover, an increase in the mobile factor (labor) would just raise the unemployment rate in the economy, exerting no influence on the output produced and the labor employed in each sector. Due to the real-wage (defined by the consumer price index) rigidity of the efficiency wage model, these results apparently differ from the standard conclusions based on the conventional Heckscher-Ohlin model or specific-factor model. It is also shown that the relative commodity prices and the specific factor quantities are two crucial determents in influencing intersectoral wage differentials, which, in turn, play an important role in determining the quantities of the labor available for employment in traded and non-traded sectors. In addition, both impact effects and dynamic paths of labor employment depend on the growth patterns, the substitutability between labor and specific factors, the expenditure shares of traded and non-traded goods, the factor-income shares, and the magnitude of relevant parameters.
以文找文
期刊論文
1.
Chen, B. L.、Hsu, M.(2001)。Time-series Wage Differential in Taiwan: The Role of International Trade。Review of Development Economics,5(2),336-354。
2.
Chen, C. N.、Tsaur, T. W.、Liu, S. C.(1989)。Foreign Inflation, Currency Substitution, and Terms of Trade Dynamics。Journal of Political Economy,97,955-964。
3.
Malcomson, R. C.(1981)。Unemployment and the Efficiency Wage Hypothesis。Economic Journal,91(364),846-866。
4.
Shapiro, Carl、Stiglitz, Joseph E.(1984)。Equilibrium Unemployment as a Worker Discipline Device。The American Economic Review,74(3),433-444。
5.
Lewis, W. A.(1954)。Economic development with unlimited supplies of labour。Journal of the Manchester School of Economics and Social Studies,20,139-192。
6.
吳中書(19870900)。臺灣貨幣需求函數之設定,結構轉變與預期膨脹。經濟論文,15(2),87-113。
延伸查詢
7.
Lai, C. C.(1992)。On the Fleming Proposition: Implications of the Efficiency-Wage Hypothesis。Australian Economic Papers,31(59),346-353。
8.
Goldfeld, S. M.(1973)。The Demand for Money Revisited。Brookings Papers on Economic Activity,3,577-646。
9.
曹添旺(19870600)。通貨替代、通貨膨脹、滙率調整與貨幣中立性。經濟論文叢刊,15(2),367-398。
延伸查詢
10.
Harris, John R.、Todaro, Michael P.(1970)。Migration, Unemployment and Development: A Two-sector Analysis。The American Economic Review,60(1),126-142。
11.
張俊仁、賴景昌、張文雅(1999)。The Mundell Proposition with Efficient Wage-employment Bargaining。Journal of Macroeconomics,21,765-784。
12.
賴景昌(1993)。The Mundell Proposition with Efficiency Wages。European Journal of Political Economy,9(3),321-331。
13.
Ranis, G.、Stewart, F.(1993)。Rural Nonagricultural Activities in Development: Theory and Application。Journal of Development Economics,40,75-101。
14.
Katz, L.(1986)。Efficiency Wages: A Partial Evaluation。NBER Macroeconomics Annual,1,235-276。
15.
Albert, M.、Meckl, J.(2001)。Efficiency-wage Unemployment and IntersectoralWage Differential in a Heckscher-Ohlin Model。German Economic Review,2,287-301。
16.
Carter, T. J.(1993)。Efficiency Wages and International Factor Mobility。International Economic Journal,7,13-29。
17.
Basu, B.(1998)。Efficiency Wages, Unemployment and International Factor Movements。The Journal of International Trade and Economic Development,7,317-338。
18.
Melvin, J.、Waschik, R.(2001)。The Neoclassical Ambiguity in the Specific FactorModel。The Journal of International Trade and Economic Development,10,321-337。
19.
Dornbusch, R.、Mussa, M.(1975)。Consumption, Real Balances and the Hoarding Function。International Economic Review,16,15-21。
20.
Zapata, G. P.(2003)。Empirical Model of the Behavior of the Income Velocity of Money in Colombia, 1982-2001。Ecos de Economia,17,79-92。
21.
Brecher, R. A.、Choudhi, E. U.(1987)。International Migration versus Foreign Investment in the Presence of Unemployment。Journal of International Economics,23,329-342。
22.
Chang, W. Y.、Lai, C. C.(1999)。Efficiency Wages and the Balanced Budget Theorem。Atlantic Economic Journal,27,314-324。
23.
張俊仁、賴景昌、林忠正(2003)。Profit Sharing, Worker Effort, and Double-sided Moral Hazard in an Efficiency Wage Model。Journal of Comparative Economics,31,75-93。
24.
賴景昌(1990)。Efficiency Wages and Currency Devaluation。Economics Letters,33(4),353-357。
25.
Jones, R. W.、Kierzkowski, H.(1986)。Neighborhood Production Structure, with an Application to the Theory of International Trade。Oxford Economic Papers,38,59-76。
26.
林忠正、賴景昌(1994)。The Turnover Costs and the Solow Condition in an Efficiency Wage Model with Intertemporal Optimization。Economics Letters,45,501-505。
27.
林忠正、賴景昌(1998)。Efficiency Wages, Partial Wage Rigidity and Money Nonneutrality。Southern Economic Journal,65,331-340。
28.
Solop, S.(1979)。A Model of Natural Rate of Unemployment。American Economic Review,69,117-125。
29.
Samuelson, P. A.(1971)。Ohlin Was Right。Swedish Journal of Economics,73,365-384。
30.
Yellen, J.(1984)。Efficiency Wage Model of Unemployment。American Economic Review,74,200-205。
31.
Mussa, M.(1974)。Tariffs and the Distribution of Income: The Importance of Factor Specificity, Substitutability, and Intensity in the Short and Long Run。Journal of Political Economy,82,1191-1203。
32.
張俊仁、賴景昌(2002)。Is the Efficiency Wage Efficient? The Social Norm and Organization Corruption。Scandinavian Journal of Economics,104,27-47。
33.
Leonard, T.(1984)。Carrots and Sticks: Pay, Supervision and Turnover。Journal of Labor Economics,5(4)Pt.2,136-152。
研究報告
1.
Muñoz, S.(2006)。Suppressed Inflation and Money Demand in Zimbabwe。0。
圖書
1.
Dornbusch, R.(1980)。Open Economy Macroeconomics。New York, NY:Cambridge University Press。
2.
賴景昌(1993)。國際金融理論--基礎篇。茂昌書局。
延伸查詢
3.
賴景昌(2004)。總體經濟學。臺北:雙葉書廊。
延伸查詢
4.
Dinopoulos, Elias、Zhao, Laizun(2002)。Globalization, Unionization and Efficiency Wages。Globalization, Unionization and Efficiency Wages。0。
5.
Abel, A. B.、Bernanke, B. S.、Croushore, D.(2008)。Macroeconomics。Macroeconomics。New York, NY。
6.
Akerlof, A.、Yellen, J.(1986)。Efficiency Wage Models of the Labor Market。Efficiency Wage Models of the Labor Market。Cambridge, MA。
7.
Lindbeck, A.、Snower, D. J.(1989)。The Insider-outsider Theory of Employment and Unemployment。The Insider-outsider Theory of Employment and Unemployment。Cambridge, MA。
8.
Kim, D.、Topel, R.(1995)。Labor Markets and Economics Growth: Lessons from Korea's Industrialization, 1970-1990。Differences and Changes in Wage Structures。Chicago, IL。
9.
Cagan, P.(1956)。The Monetary Dynamics of Hyperinflation。Studies in the Quantity Theory of Money。Chicago, IL。
圖書論文
1.
Kwack, Sung Yeung(1990)。The Economic Development of the Republic of Korea, 1965-1981。Models of Development: a Comparative Study of Economic Growth in South Korea and Taiwan。San Francisco, CA:Institute for Contemporary Studies Press。
2.
Jones, Ronald W.(1971)。A Three-Factor Model in Theory, Trade and History。Trade, balance of payments and growth: Papers in international economics in honor of Charles P. Kindleberger。Amsterdam:North-Holland。
3.
Chan, Vei-lin、Chen, Lii-tarn、Hu, Sheng-cheng(1999)。Implications of Technology and Education for Wage Dispersion: Evidence from Taiwan。The Political Economy of Taiwan's Development into the 21st Century。Edward Elgar。
4.
Friedman, M.(1956)。The Quantity Theory of Money: A Restatement。Studies in the Quantity Theory of Money。Chicago, IL:The University of Chicago Press。
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