This is an attempt to scrutinize the particularities of Ruan Yuan's philosophy, both in content and in method, through a comparison of his thought and that of his predecessor Dai Zhen. The result of this examination consists of two points: firstly, in content, Ruan Yuan's philosophy is not simply a repetitionof that of Dai Zhen; secondly, in method. Ruan Yuan's understanding of the Pre-chin Confucius conception of 'ren' human nature through philology is not well-established.