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題名：影響績效自評的文化及情境因素之探討
書刊名：教育與心理研究
作者：顏志龍 引用關係／趙舒禾／王榮春
作者(外文)：Yen, Chih-long／Chao, Shu-he／Wang, Jung-chuen
出版日期：2008
卷期：31:2
頁次：頁119-142
主題關鍵詞：自謙偏差；自評傾向；自我概念；評估目的；評估方式；Modesty bias；Self-concept；Self-rating；Appraisal purpose；Rating format
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
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  • 共同引用共同引用:109
  • 點閱點閱:46
本研究以兩個子研究探討影響績效自評之文化及情境因素。研究一（N =120）以實驗法操弄「評估目的」、「評量方式」，並測量受試者之個人傳統性。結果發現：(1)「個人傳統性」對自評傾向並無影響；(2)「評估目的」對於自評傾向有所影響，當評估目的為「實際考核」時，個體之自評高於「學術研究」；(3)「評量方式」對於自評傾向有影響，當個體被要求和他人比較時，其自評高於自我參照的評估。研究二（相關法；N = 319）結果顯示：(1)自評時高估者（寬大偏差）其「社會期許需求」高於低估者（自謙偏差）；(2)低估者之「自我概念」比高估者來得負面。整體研究結果顯示，情境因素和自我概念是影響自評的重要因素；而相對來說，文化價值觀對自評傾向之影響並不顯著。此外，本研究並未發現華人自評有自謙偏差傾向；相反地，多數受試者仍呈現出寬大偏差的傾向。
Two studies were conducted to examine the cultural and contextual factors which affect self-rating. In Study 1 (N=120), it was found that (1) Ss tends to be more modest when the appraisal purpose is set for academic research instead of practical grading; (2) Ss tend to be more lenient when being asked to compare his performance with others; (3)Ss’ traditionality has no significant effect on self-rating. In study 2 (N=319), it was found that (1) there are no significant differences in need for interpersonal harmony between modest and leniency bias Ss; (2) modesty bias Ss expressed less social desirability than leniency ones; (3) modesty bias Ss are more negative in their selfconcepts than leniency ones and (4), as from study1, most Ss tend to express leniency bias rather than modesty bias.
期刊論文
1.Meyer, H. H.(1991)。A Solution to the Performance Appraisal Feedback Enigma。The Academy of Management Executive，5，68-76。  new window
2.Heine, S. J.(2005)。Where Is the Evidence for Pancultural Self-Enhancement? A Reply to Sedikides, Gaertner, and Toguchi (2003)。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，89(4)，531-538。  new window
3.Sedikides, C.、Gaertner, L.、Vevea, J. L.(2005)。Pancultural Self-Enhancement Reloaded: A Meta-Analytic Reply to Heine (2005)。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，89(4)，539-551。  new window
4.Heine, S. J.、Lehman, D. R.、Markus, H. R.、Kitayama, S.(1999)。Is there a universal need for positive self-regard?。Psychological Review，106(4)，766-794。  new window
5.Sedikides, C.、Gaertner, L.、Toguchi, Y.(2003)。Pancultural Self-Enhancement。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，84(1)，60-79。  new window
6.Markus, Hazel Rose、Kitayama, Shinobu(1991)。Cultural and the Self: Implications for Cognition, Emotion, and Motivation。Psychological Review，98(2)，224-253。  new window
7.Kane, J. S.、Bernardin, H. J.、Villanova, P.、Peyrefutte, J.(1995)。Stability of rater leniency: Three studies。Academy of Management Journal，38(4)，1036-1051。  new window
8.Harris, M. M.、Schaubroeck, J.(1988)。A meta-analysis of self-supervisor, self-peer, and peer-supervisor ratings。Personnel Psychology，41(1)，43-62。  new window
9.Meyer, H. H.(1980)。Self-appraisal of Job Performance。Personnel Psychology，33，291-295。  new window
10.Taylor, Shelley E.、Brown, Jonathon D.(1988)。Illusion and Well-Being: A Social Psychological Perspective on Mental Health。Psychological Bulletin，103(2)，193-210。  new window
11.樊景立、鄭伯壎(19971200)。華人自評式績效考核中的自謙偏差：題意、謙虛價值及自尊之影響。中華心理學刊，39(2)，103-118。new window  延伸查詢new window
12.楊中芳、趙志裕(19871200)。中國受測者所面臨的矛盾困境：對過份依賴西方評定量表的反省。中華心理學刊，29(2)，113-132。new window  延伸查詢new window
13.Weinstein, N. D.(1982)。Unrealistic optimism about susceptibility to health problems。Journal of Behavioral Medicine，5(4)，441-460。  new window
14.陸洛、高旭繁、陳芬憶(20060400)。傳統性、現代性、及孝道觀念對幸福感的影響：一項親子對偶設計。本土心理學研究，25，243-278。new window  延伸查詢new window
15.Chen, Y.、Brockner, J.、Chen, X.、Chen, Y. R.、Chen, X. P.(2002)。Individual-collective Primacy and Ingroup Favoritism: Enhancement and Protection Effects。Journal of Experimental Social Psychology，38，482-491。  new window
16.Xie, J. L.、Chen, Z.、Roy, J-P.(2006)。Cultural and Personality Determinants of Leniency in Self-rating among Chinese People。Management and Organization Review，2，181-207。  new window
17.Bernardin, H. J.、Orban, J. A.(1990)。Leniency Effects as a Function of Rating Format, Purpose for Appraisal, and Rater Individual Differences。Journal of Business and Psychology，5，197-211。  new window
18.Sundvik, L.、Lindeman, M.(1998)。Acquaintanceship and the Discrepancy between Supervisor and Self-assessments。Journal of Social Behavior & Personality，13，117-126。  new window
19.Kobayashi, C.(2004)。Direct and Indirect Selfenhancement after Evaluative Feedback [Abstract]。Japanese Journal of Social Psychology，20，68-79。  new window
20.Korsgaard, M. A.、Meglino, B. M.、Lester, S. W.(2004)。The Effect of Other Orientation on Self-supervisor Rating Agreement。Journal of Organizational Behavior，25，873-891。  new window
21.Yammarino, F. J.、Atwater, L. E.(1997)。Do Managers See Themselves as Others See Them? Implications of Self-other Rating Agreement for Human Resources Management。Organizational Dynamics，25，34-44。  new window
22.Xie, J. L.、Roy, J-P.、Chen, Z.(2006)。Cultural and Individual Differences in Self-rating Behavior: An Extension and Refinement of the Cultural Relativity Hypothesis。Journal of Organizational Behavior，27，341-364。  new window
23.Kobayashi, C.、Brown, J. D.(2003)。Selfesteem and Self-enhancement in Japan and America。Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology，34，567-580。  new window
24.Takata, T.(2003)。Self-enhancement and Selfcriticism in Japanese Culture: An Experimental Analysis。Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology，34，542-551。  new window
25.Kitayama, S.、Uchida, Y.(2003)。Explicit Self-criticism and Implicit Self-regard: Evaluating Self and Friend in Two Cultures。Journal of Experimental Social Psychology，39，476-482。  new window
26.Farh, J. L.、Dobbins, G. H.(1989)。Effects of Self-esteem on Leniency Bias in Selfreports of Performance: A Structural Equation Model Analysis。Personnel Psychology，42，835-850。  new window
27.Farh, J. L.、Dobbins, G. H,、Cheng, B. S.(1991)。Culture Relativity in Action: A Comparison of Self-ratings Made by Chinese and U.S. Worker。Personnel Psychology，44，129-147。  new window
28.Yu, J.、Murphy, K. R.(1993)。Modesty Bias in Self-ratings of Performance: A Test of Cultural Relativity Hypothesis。Personnel Psychology，46，357-363。  new window
29.Wells, L. E.、Sweeney, P. D.(1986)。A Test of Three Models of Bias in Selfassessment。Social Psychology Quarterly，49，1-10。  new window
30.Paulhus, D. L.、Reid, D. B.(1991)。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，60，307-317。  new window
31.Larwood, L.、Whittaker, W.(1977)。Managerial Yyopia: Self-serving Biases in Organizational Planning。Journal of Applied Psychology，62，194-198。  new window
32.Farh, J. L.、Werbel, J. D.(1986)。Effect of Purpose of the Appraisal and Expectation of Validation on Self Appraisal Leniency。Journal of Applied Psychology，71，527-529。  new window
33.Aguinis, H.、Stone-Romero, E. F.(1997)。Methodological Artifacts in Moderated Multiple Regression and Their Effects on Statistical Power。Journal of Applied Psychology，82，192-206。  new window
34.Johns, G.、Xie, J. L.(1998)。Perceptiona of Adsence from Work: People's Republic of China versus Canada。Journal of Applied Psychology，83，515-530。  new window
35.Meidl, J. R.、Hunt, R. G.、Lee, W.(1989)。Individualism-collectivism and Work Value: Data from the United States, China, Taiwan, Korea, and Hong Kong。Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management，Supplement 1，59-77。  new window
圖書
1.Cascio, W. F.(1998)。Applied psychology in human resource management。Prentice Hall。  new window
2.林幸台、張小鳳、陳美光(2000)。田納西自我概念量表指導手冊。測驗出版社。  延伸查詢new window
3.Hofstede, G.(1984)。Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values。Beverly Hill, CA：Newbury Park, CA：Sage。  new window
4.Edwards, R. Mark、Ewen, J. Ann(1996)。360° Feedback: The powerful new model for employee assessment & performance improvement。New York：AMACOM。  new window
5.Cohen, J.(1988)。Statistical power and analysis for the behavioral sciences。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。  new window
6.楊國樞、余安邦、葉明華(1991)。國人的個人傳統性與現代性：概念與測量。中國人的心理與行為。臺北市。  延伸查詢new window
其他
1.王榮春，孫敏華(2002)。360°回評量制度對軍事院校學生才能評估與發展的應用－以政治作戰學校學生部學生為例，臺北市。new window  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.Blaine, B.、Crocker, J.(1993)。Self-esteem and self-serving biases in reactions to positive and negative events: An integrative review。Self-esteem: The puzzle of low self-regard。New York, NY：Plenum Press。  new window
2.Swann, William B. Jr.(1983)。Self-verification: Bringing social reality into harmony with the self。Psychological Perspectives on the Self。Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.。  new window
 
 
 
 
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