The Japanese regime is anxious to start road construction as soon as it was established in Taiwan. It introduced the modern road administration system, and conducted a long-term road survey. After proper preparation, the project of road development begins. In the beginning of the Japanese-ruled period, there was no local tax. The Taiwan Governor-General adopted a different policy from that in Japan, and it permitted the local government to build the road via the local gentries’ mobilization of the local manpower. In august 1898, the issue of Pao-chia Ordinance, which combined the Pao-chia system and the police system, empowered the capability of an attribute of colonization. The local government, equipped with the powerful conscription system, is thus able to start up road development. The local gentries’ donation and participation in road construction under the Japnese0ruled period can be traced from the Ching Dynasty. The Taiwanese elites take an active part in drawing up the plans, and they sponsor road construction spontaneously, which demonstrate great aspiration. In other words, the Taiwanese plays a crucial and irreplaceable role in road construction, both in the formulation of the road administration policy and the road project, and in their contribution of labor, land and money. But why are there frequent revolts? In fact, it was arose by the improper enforcement by the colonial government: 1. The colonial government took a discrimination between the Japanese and the Taiwanese in their priority order in the revised city plan, and in the compensation for land expropriation. 2. The Japanese are not included in the Bao-chia system, which exempts them from labor, land expropriation, and forced donation. 3. The road construction benefits a privileged few. 4. The colonial government mobilizes the people untimely, and overburdens them. In sum, the evaluation of the road construction under the Japanese-ruled period should take a view from both and sacrifice. Properly and objectively to evaluate the “progression” and “development” under colony would be a good approach to understand what the coloniality is.