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題名：幼兒利他分享之認知、情感與行為探討
書刊名：家政教育學報
作者：顏肇基／陳姣伶 引用關係／張召雅／周育如 引用關係／鍾志從 引用關係
作者(外文)：Yen, Chao-chi／Chen, Chiao-ling／Chang, Chao-ya／Chou, Yu-ju／Jong, Jyh-tsorng
出版日期：2005
卷期：7
頁次：頁30-54
主題關鍵詞：利他分享；分享認知；分享情感；分享行為
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:2
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:27
本研究旨在瞭解幼兒利他分享的「認知」、「情感」與「行為」之内涵與特性。選取臺北市幼兒園小、中、大班及小學一年級的幼童各60人，共計240名幼生為研究樣本，並以「幼兒利他分享遊戲」為施測工具，透過一對一訪談分別對幼兒利他分享的「事實認知」、「價值認知」、「情感」及「行為」進行探討。研究結果發現在「事實認知」方面，幼兒對利他分享的定義隨年齡上升日趨精細與嚴格；在「價值認知」方面，小班幼兒並無明顯的判斷理由，但中班以上的幼兒則以友誼關係、互惠關係及外在規範為其主要判斷依據；在「分享情感」方面，中小班的幼兒多以關係取向的情感因素為分享的主要考量，而大班及小一幼兒則多以同情為主要的情感考量因素；在「分享行為」方面，平均分享個數隨幼兒年齡增加而微幅上升，且以「公平」為主要分享行為的表現，也隨著年齡上升而明顯增加。
The purpose of this study was to examine the cognition, affection and behavior of young children's altruistic sharing. This study defined the sharing composed of three parts: cognition, affection and behavior. The operationalization of sharing cognition was to ask children if "giving toys or food out" or "having toys or food together with others" was sharing. Altruistic sharing affection was defined as love, sympathy or empathy which was elicited by giving a piece of chocolate to a good friend, a poor child or a child who wanted to eat chocolate urgently. Sharing behavior was defined as whether young children gave their chocolates out. How does young children's sharing develop? By client interview, there were 240 children from Taipei participated in this study after controlling for sex and area distribution. The results showed that young children's understanding of altruistic sharing became rigorous as getting older. 4-year-olds and above tended to make the value judgment of sharing on the basis of friendship, reciprocity, and social regulation; the affective factor of sharing for 3-and 4-gear-olds was mainly based on self-oriented relationship, for 5-and 6-year-olds, sympathy became the main affective consideration. For all children, sharing behavior slightly added by age, and the proportions of fair sharing also added by age obviously.
期刊論文
1.Penner, Louis A.、Finkelstein, Marcia A.(1998)。Dispositional and Structural Determinants of Volunteerism。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，74(2)，525-537。  new window
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3.蔡秋桃(19930500)。A Naturalistics Study of Sharing Behavior in Kindergarten Children。幼兒教育學報，2，187-213。  new window
4.蘇雪梨(19790700)。兒童分享行為發展之研究。家政教育通訊，7(12)，1-6。  延伸查詢new window
5.蘇雪梨(19791000)。兒童分享行為發展之研究。家政教育通訊，8(1)，1-8。  延伸查詢new window
6.Birch, L. L.、Billman, J.(1986)。Preschool children's food sharing with friends and acquaintances。Child Development，57，387-395。  new window
7.Chapman, M.、Zahn-Waxler, C.、Cooperman, G.、Iannotti, R. J.(1987)。Empathy and responsibility in the motivation of children's helping。Development Psychology，23，140-145。  new window
8.Donald, D. J.、Adelberg, K.(1967)。The learning of sharing behavior。Child Development，38，695-700。  new window
9.Eisenberg, N.、Guthrie, I. K.、Murphy, B. C.、Shepard, S. A.、Cumberland, A.、Carlo, G.(1999)。Consistency and development of prosocial dispositions: A longitudinal study。Child Development，70(6)，1360-1372。  new window
10.Handlon, B. J.、Gross, P.(1959)。The development of sharing behavior。Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology，59，425-428。  new window
11.Hay, D. F.、Caplan, M.、Castle, J.、Stimson, C. A.(1991)。Does sharing become increasingly" rational" in the second year of life?。Developmental Psychology，27(6)，987-993。  new window
12.Howard, J. A.、Barnett, M. A.(1981)。Arousal of empathy and subsequent generosity in young children。The Journal of Genetic Psychology，138(2)，307-308。  new window
13.Hughes, R. Jr.、Tingle, B. A.、Sawin, D. B.(1981)。Development of empathic understanding in children。Child Development，52，122-128。  new window
14.Hull, D.、Reuter, J.(1977)。The development of charitable behavior in elementary school children。Journal of Genetic Psychology，131(2)，147-153。  new window
15.Levitt, M. J.、Weber, R. A.、Clark, M. C.、McDonnell, P.(1985)。Reciprocity of exchange in toddler sharing behavior。Developmental Psychology，21，122-123。  new window
16.Midlarsky, E.、Bryan, J. H.(1972)。Affect expressions and children's imitative Altruism。Journal of Experimental Research in Personality，6，195-203。  new window
17.Yarrow, Marian Radke、Waxler, Carolyn Zahn、Barrett, David、Darby, Jean、King, Robert、Pickett, Marilyn、Smith, Judith(1976)。Dimensions and correlates of prosocial behavior in young children。Child Development，47，118-125。  new window
18.Staube, E.(1971)。The use of role playing and induction in children's learning of helping and sharing behavior。Child Development，48，805-816。  new window
19.Zahn-Waxler, C.、Robinson, J. L.、Emde, R. N.(1992)。The development of empathy in twins。Developmental Psychology，28，1038-1047。  new window
20.Eisenberg, N.、Fabes, R. A.、Schaller, M.、Carlo, G.、Miller, P. A.(1991)。The relations of parental characteristics and practices to children's vicarious emotional responding。Child Development，62(6)，1393-1408。  new window
21.Eisenberg, N.、Fabes, R. A.、Carlo, G.、Troyer, D.、Speer, A. L.、Karbon, M.、Switzer, G.(1992)。The relations of maternal practices and characteristics to children's vicarious emotional responsiveness。Child Deνelopment，63，583-602。  new window
22.Eisenberg, N.、Lennon, R.、Roth, K.(1983)。Prosocial development: A longitudinal study。Developmental Psychology，19，846-855。  new window
23.Eisenberg-Berg, N.、Hand, M. A.(1979)。The relationship of preschoolers' reasoning about prosocial moral conflicts to prosocial behavior。Child Development，50(2)，356-363。  new window
24.Koestner, R.、Franz, C.、Weinberger, J.(1990)。The family origins of empathic concern: A 26-year longitudinal study。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，58(4)，709-717。  new window
25.Hoffman, Martin L.(1981)。Is Altruism Part of Human Nature?。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，40(1)，121-137。  new window
26.Zahn-Waxier, C.、Radke-Yarrow, M.、King, R. A.(1979)。Child rearing and children's prosocial initiations toward victims of distress。Child Development，50，319-330。  new window
27.Krebs, D. L.(1970)。Altruism: An examination of the concept and a review of the literature。Psychological Bulletin，73(4)，258-302。  new window
會議論文
1.Beauvais, C.(1982)。Sharing in Preschool: A Naturalistic Observation。The Annual Meeting of the Western Psychological Association，(會議日期: April 7-11, 1982)。Sacramento, CA。  new window
學位論文
1.李昌叡(1991)。幼兒分享行為之研究(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學，台北。  延伸查詢new window
2.蔡子瑜(2000)。故事討論對幼兒道德推理的影響之研究--以「分享」的故事主題為例(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.尚玉昌(2003)。行為生態學。台北市：五南圖書公司。  延伸查詢new window
2.盧美貴(1996)。幼兒教育概論。台北市：五南圖書公司。  延伸查詢new window
3.Blom, B. S.、Krathwohl, D. R.、Masia, B. B.(1956)。Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational goals, Handbook I, Cognition Domain。New York：McKay。  new window
4.Kagan, J.、Lamb, S.(1987)。The emergence of morality in young children。Chicago：University of Chicago Press。  new window
5.Krathwohl, D. R.、Bloom, B. S.、Masia, B. B.(1964)。Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational goals, Handbook II: Affective domain。New York：McKay。  new window
6.Eisenberg, N.(1986)。Altruistic emotion, cognition and behavior。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。  new window
7.Eisenberg, N.、Strayer, J.(1987)。Empathy and its development。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
8.Santrock, J. W.(1997)。Life-span Development。Brown & Benchmark。  new window
9.Shaffer, D. R.(1994)。Social and personality development。Belmont, CA：Brooks/Cole Publishing Co。  new window
10.Shaffer, D. R.、林翠湄、蘇建文(1995)。社會與人格發展。臺北：心理圖書。  延伸查詢new window
單篇論文
1.Wolff, J. L.，Levy, J.(1978)。A Study of Sharing(ED 152 438)。  new window
2.Yvonne, B. B.(2001)。Social Development of the Young Child: Why Can't Johnny Share?(ED 4599 080)。  new window
圖書論文
1.Hoffman, M. L.(1987)。The contribution of empathy to justice and moral judgement。Empathy and its development。Cambirdge。  new window
2.Eisenberg, N.、Fabes, R. A.(1998)。Prosocial development。Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 3. Social, emotional, and personality development。New York：Wiley。  new window
3.Hoffman, M. L.(1988)。Moral development。Approaches to moral development: New research and emerging themes。New York：Teachers College Press。  new window
4.Barnett, M. A.(1987)。Empathy and related responses in children。Empathy and its development。New York：Cambridge University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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