Objectives: Most underground parking lots for condominium buildings are closed spaces. The pollutants cannot be discharged naturally, resulting in poor air quality. This study investigated the air quality and pollution problems affecting the underground parking lots of condominium buildings, and analyzed the factors affecting air quality. Methods: Measurements of the pollutants CO, CO2, NO(subscript X), and PM10 were taken from the underground parking lots of 16 condominium buildings (39 floors) in southern Taiwan, a household questionnaire was given to users of these underground parking lots, and the status of probable affecting factors was investigated. A statistical analysis of the data was conducted with SPSS. Results: There was a higher concentration of gaseous pollutants at the lower floors. During peak traffic time, for every floor that was lower, the CO concentration increased by 2.1 ppm, the CO2 concentration increased by 21.0 ppm, and the NO(subscript X) concentration increased by 59.9 ppb. The maximal average peak CO concentration was 26.1 ppm; and that of NO(subscript X) was 743 ppb. A satisfaction survey showed that the overall dissatisfaction rate of residents toward the underground parking lot was 27%, with the ventilation earning the highest dissatisfaction rate (37%). Conclusions: Among the pollutants present in the underground parking lots of condominium buildings, NO(subscript X) (average concentration exceeding 250 ppb in 14 tested buildings (87.5%)) was the most severe. In addition, it was found that inferior performance of the air ventilation system in the buildings (average efficiency dropped to 49% of the original design value) led to the failure of effective discharging of underground parking lot pollutants.