清末民初以來，隨著中國社會制度的巨大變革，其文化體制也經歷了一個從解體到重構的轉型過程，由此對中國現代學術的發展產生了深遠影響。現代史學專業機構的建置與運作，便是其中不可忽略的一個環節。事實上，它所提供的不僅僅是體現著新學術理念的的研究平臺，同時也是培養和訓練專業人才的一種良好實踐機制，從而與大學史學系及專業學術社團組織等要素共同構築起了現代學術制度的基石。鑒此，近年來一些學者已對北大國學門和史語所等機構作了不少有價值的探討，本文試圖在此基礎上，就現代學術制度的建構層面，對其體制、運行方式和功能等沿革變遷作一縱向考察，並從「現代性」的角度，對其時國內具有代表性的史學機構建制與運作模式作一審視，探其淵源，較其異同得失，以期更全面地認識這學術現象。

Since the late Qing Dynasty, with the tremendous revolution of Chinese society system, Chinese culture system has gone through a transformation from breakdown to reconstruction, which deeply influenced the development of Chinese modern academy. As a significant part of the academy, the establishment and operation of modern history institutes provided not only a research platform that displayed new academic concepts but also a terrific practical method of cultivating professional intellectuals. These modern history institutes set up the cornerstone of modern academy system with the history department in colleges and specialized academic groups. Therefore, some scholars have committed meaningful efforts these years on studying such institutes as the School of Sinological Research and Institute of History and Philology. Based on such previous work, in the way of making a vertical inquiry about the reform and transformation of the operation and function within the modern academy system in an architecture level, by probing into the construction, the operating mode and the origin of the representative history institutes in China at that time as well as the differences among them in a modernity perspective, I make an attempt to provide a more comprehensive understanding of this academic phenomenon.