自二次戰後至今，日本歷經七次教育改革，每次教育改革都透過課程改革 來達成目的，故每次課程改革重點必反映在《學習指導要領》的修訂。本文的 目的在於透過分析《學習指導要領》探討日本教育變革與發展。首先探究日本 《學習指導要領》的修訂方式與步驟，其次分析日本自二次戰後至今課程改革 的動向與相關問題。結果得知，日本的課程改革雖然會隨著政黨或首相的更迭 而改變，但均有程序性，大抵為中央集權式的改革，充分反映政黨或首相個人 的政治與教育意識型態；日本教育改革的核心思想並非固定不變，常會隨著政 黨輪替或首相更迭有所差異，是一種新保守主義教育思想與新自由主義教育思 想的螺旋式消長過程。

Japan has experienced seven educational reforms since the SecondWorldWar. Each reform has been achieved through a revision of the curriculum guidelines. This article aims to explore Japan's education reform and development by means of an analysis of the Curriculum Guidelines. This article consists of two main parts, the first is an exploration of the Curriculum Guidelines' revision process and the second is an analysis of the trend and problems of reform. As results show, Japan's curriculum reform takes a topdown style and the core of thought in educational reform is not fixed. Basically, Japan's curriculum reforms reflect political ideologies, and its courses are the spiral process of rise and fall of neo-conservatism and neo-liberalism.