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題名:精細收拾:從《活計檔》看雍正皇帝對活計的品質控管
書刊名:中國歷史學會史學集刊
作者:侯皓之 引用關係
作者(外文):Hou, Hau-chih
出版日期:2008
卷期:40
頁次:頁185-232
主題關鍵詞:雍正皇帝活計活計檔西洋工藝品質控管Emperor Yong-ChengHo-JiHo-Ji-DangWestern craftsQuality control
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
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雍正帝(1678-1735),是清朝入關後的第三位皇帝,在位期間勵精圖治,致力改革,貫徹政令,一掃康熙朝晚年的弊端,為之後乾隆盛世奠定穩定的根基。然而,綜觀目前研究,學者多聚焦於雍正帝的功業。政治表現雖可視為雍正帝主要人格的展現,然人的風貌多樣,非僅止於一端,日常行止反而更是個性的直接反映。清宮內務府造辦處的雍正朝《各作成做活計清檔》,記錄大量雍正帝的宮中生活,研究活計檔,可發現雍正帝是藝術愛好者,有豐富的藝術涵養,獨特的審美標準和高雅的鑑賞品味。分析檔案,可見雍正帝性格細膩,創意豐富,利用閒暇主導宮廷藝術創作,對活計的品質要求甚高,他透過親自主導活計製作、委派能人主持創作、製前評點修改樣稿、製做流程嚴整細密、適時給予獎賞鼓勵等方式,控管活計的品質。經由他的領導控管,造辦處的素質大大提昇,為日後乾隆朝的藝術發展起了承先啟後的作用。
Emperor Yong-Cheng (1678-1735), the third emperor of Ching Dynasty, endeavored and strived for the governance and management, devoted to the reform, implemented the political orders, removed the wrongdoings of late years of Emperor Kang-Shih and established the steady basis for the later prosperous Chian-Long Dynasty. However, the present studies focus on the successes of Yong-Cheng. Although the political performance indicated the features of the main personality of Yong-Cheng, the diversity of personality was more than one dimension and the daily behaviors reflected the characters. "Ge-Zuo-Cheng-Zuo Ho-Ji-Ching-Dang" of Yong-Cheng Dynasty made by Management Office, House of Interior Affairs at Ching Place recorded a lot of Yong-Cheng life descriptions in the palace. By means of the investigation on Ho-Ji-Dang, we found that Yong-Cheng was a lover of arts with plentiful artistic competence, unique aesthetic standards and elegant appreciation taste. The file-analysis addressed that Yong-Cheng had the refined characters and rich creativity; employed the leisure hours to direct the artistic creations at the palace; and demanded the high quality of Ho-Ji. He himself directed by himself the manufacturing of Ho-Ji, commissioned the competent persons to handle the creations, assessed and revised the sample draft prior to the manufacturing, required the detailed and refined process of creation manufacturing, and offered the awards and encouragement at the right time, which controlled the quality of Ho-Ji. Through his leadership and control and management, the quality of Management Office was advanced greatly, initiating the artistic development of the later Chain-Long Dynasty.
期刊論文
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2.楊啟樵(1997)。《活計檔》暴露清宮秘史。清史研究,3。  延伸查詢new window
3.林姝(2004)。從造辦處檔案看雍正皇帝的審美情趣。故宮博物院院刊,2004(6)=116,90-119。  延伸查詢new window
4.吳兆清(1991)。清內務府活計檔。文物,1991(3),89-96+55。  延伸查詢new window
5.尚國華、芮謙(1998)。紫禁城宮殿採光和照明的發展。歷史月刊,131。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.今西春秋(196609)。五體清文鑑譯解。京都市:京都大學文學部。  延伸查詢new window
2.吳山(1991)。雄獅中國工藝美術辭典。臺北:雄獅圖書股份有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
3.朱家溍(200308)。養心殿造辦處史料輯覽:雍正朝。北京:紫禁城出版社。  延伸查詢new window
4.彭澤益(1962)。中國近代手工業史資料。中國近代手工業史資料。北京。  延伸查詢new window
5.Drucker, Peter Ferdinand、Maciariello, Joseph A.、張元、張玉文、胡瑋珊(2005)。每日遇見杜拉克:世紀管理大師366篇智慧精選。臺北:天下。  延伸查詢new window
6.Pfister, Louis Aloys、馮承鈞(1995)。在華耶穌會士列傳及書目。中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
7.中國第一歷史檔案館(2003)。清中前期西洋天主教在華活動檔案史料。中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
8.崑岡(1963)。欽定大清會典事例。台北:啟文出版社。  延伸查詢new window
9.中國第一歷史檔案館(1993)。雍正朝起居注冊。中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
10.中國第一歷史檔案館(1985)。康熙朝漢文硃批奏摺彙編。北京:檔案出版社。  延伸查詢new window
11.Bouvet, J.(1966)。康熙帝傳。康熙帝傳。臺中。  延伸查詢new window
12.杜文凱(1985)。清代西人見聞錄。清代西人見聞錄。北京。  延伸查詢new window
其他
1.(清)清聖祖(1986)。聖祖仁皇帝庭訓格言,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
2.內務府造辦處各作成做活計清檔,北京。  延伸查詢new window
3.乾隆朝內務府奏銷檔。  延伸查詢new window
4.(清)鄂爾泰(1964)。大清世宗憲皇帝實錄,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
5.國立故宮博物院(1977)。宮中檔道光朝奏摺,臺北。  延伸查詢new window
6.國立故宮博物院。軍機處檔(月摺包),臺北。  延伸查詢new window
7.中國第一歷史檔案館(1990)。雍正朝漢文硃批奏摺彙編,南京;北京;上海。  延伸查詢new window
8.(2004)。清代各部院則例,香港。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.方豪(1983)。章唐宋時代對外僑的管理--外僑居住之限制。中西交通史。臺北:中國文化大學。  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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