「2009年世界運動會在高雄」，這是近幾年來台灣所舉辦的大型世界運動大會，雖然競賽項目非奧運正式項目，但是也代表世界運動組織承認台灣的能力，讓台灣承辦大型世界運動賽會。「柔術」是2009世界運動會競賽項目之一，與奧運正式競賽項目「柔道」在技巧、規則上類似，爲使更多大眾了解柔術與柔道的差異，並推展柔術與柔道運動。本文以文獻探討的方式，蒐集相關資料，並加以分析歸納，整理出以下內容。一、柔術的歷史較柔道早三百多年，柔術是武士在戰場上殺敵的技巧；柔道是嘉納治五郎1882年融合柔術各派精要，改良創造而來，並加入其教育目的「精力善用，自他共榮」爲主，藉由身體的訓練教育學生。二、技巧上柔術與柔道都是以投技、固技、當身技爲基礎，柔術將當身技的打踢動作列入初學者教材，柔道當身技卻只有技巧高超的上段者才能接觸此技巧，並且以表演方式呈現給大眾。三、規則上柔術允許踢打等直接攻擊動作，柔道將踢打等攻擊動作是爲違反運動精神的技巧，而禁止使用，並且在計分上柔術以數字代表得分，柔道以一勝、半勝、有效等代表得分紀錄。

"The World Games 2009 in Kaohsiung" is certainly the largest athletic meet hosted by Taiwan in recent years. Although the competition items of the World Games are not included in Olympic Games, Taiwan, being selected as the host of the World Games 2009, has been fully recognized by the world sports organization as capable of organizing a large sports activity. Ju-jitsu, one of the competition items of the World Games 2009, is similar to "judo", a formal competition item of the Olympic Games, in terms of techniques and rules. The study aims to foster the public understanding of the difference between ju-jitsu and judo, and proactively promote the practice of ju-jitsu and judo in Taiwan. This study employs the "literature review". Related information and data are collected, The gathered data and information are thereafter compiled for analytical induction, and the findings are concluded below. 1. The practice of ju-jitsu is at least 300 years earlier than judo. Ju-jitsu was once a combat skill used in battles in ancient time, while judo was derived from ju-jitsu. Mr. Jigoro Kano integrated the essences of different schools of ju-jitsu and founded the "judo" in 1882. Moreover, Mr. Jigoro Kano incorporated the ideas of "best use of energy and enhancement of mutual prosperity" and "overcoming strength with gentleness" to emphasize the educational function of judo, and at that time judo learners were physically trained. 2. In terms of techniques, Both ju-jitsu and judo take the "throwing technique", "holding technique" and "vital point striking technique" as the groundwork. However, in terms of ju-jitsu, the offensive action (such as kicking, punching etc.) of the "vital point striking technique" is included in the beginning learner's training course. As for judo, the "vital point striking technique" is categorized as the high-level technique, and only high-ranking judo practitioner may practice the technique, and practice of such technique is limited to public performance. 3. In terms of competition rules, ju-jitsu practitioners may practice direct offensive actions, such as kicking, punching, etc. However, as for judo, said direct offensive actions are regarded as a violation of the spirit of sport, and thus are strictly prohibited from practice. As regards the ju-jitsu competition scoring method, number is used to show the score; while in judo competition, IPPON or WAZA-ARIi or YUKO is recorded as the score.