| 期刊論文| 1. | Berte, Leigh Ann Litwiller.(2005)。Mapping The Octopus: Frank Norris ’ Naturalist Geography。American Literary Realism，37(3)，202-224。   | | 2. | Duncan, Charles.(1993)。If Your View Be Large Enough: Narrative Growth in The Octopus。American Literary Realism, 1870-1910，25，56-66。 | | 3. | Eby, Clare Virginia.(1994)。The Octopus: Big Business as Art。American Literary Realism, 1870-1910，26(3)，33-51。 | | 4. | Folsom, James K.(1962)。Social Darwinism or Social Protest? The ’Philosophy’ of The Octopus。Modern Fiction Studies，8，393-400。 | | 5. | Heddendorf, David(1991)。The ’Octopus’ in McTeague:Frank Norris and Professionalism。Modern Fiction Studies，37，677-688。 | | 6. | Hochman, Barbara(2003)。Reading Homer in the 1890s:Interpretive Conventions and Norris'. The Octopus。American Literary Realism 1870-1910，35(2)，120-129。 | | 7. | Marx, Leo.(1959)。Two Kingdoms of Force。Massachusetts Review，1，62-95。 | | 8. | Lye, Colleen.(2003)。American Naturalism and Asiatic Racial Form: Frank Norris’ The Octopus and Moran of the Lady Letty。Representations，84。 | | 9. | Pizer, Donald.(1962)。The Concept of in Frank Norris, The Octopus。American Quarterly，14，73-80。 | | 10. | Reninger, H. Willard.(1940)。Norris Explains the Octopus: A Correlation of His Theory and Practice。American Literature，12，218-227。 | 圖書| 1. | Beers, Terry(2004)。Gunfight at Mussel Slough: Evolution of a Western Myth。New York：Heyday Book。 | | 2. | Boyd, Jennifer.(1993)。Frank Norris: Spatial Form and Narrative Time。New York：Peter Lan。 | | 3. | Chase, Richard.(1978)。The American Novel and Its Tradition。New York：Gordian Pres。 | | 4. | Geismar, Maxwell(1953)。Rebels and Ancestors: The American Novel。Boston：Houghton Mifflin Compan。 | | 5. | Groman, George L.(1967)。Political Literature of the Progressive Era。Chicago：Michigan State University Press。 | | 6. | Hochman, Barbara(1988)。The Art of Frank Norris, Storyteller。Columbia：University of Missouri Press。 | | 7. | Kirby, David.(1980)。America’s Hive of Honey, or Foreign Influences on American Fiction Through Henry James: Essays & Bibliographies。Metuchen, N.J.：The Scarecrow Press, Inc。 | | 8. | Lawlor, Mary.(2000)。Recalling the Wild: Naturalism and the Closing of the American West。New Brunswick：Rutgers Univ. Press。 | | 9. | McElrath, Joseph R.(1981)。Frank Norris: The Critical Reception。New York：Burt Franklin & Co., Inc。 | | 10. | Noble, David W.(1968)。The Eternal Adam and the New World Garden: The Central Myth in the American Novel Since 1830。New York：George Brazille。 | | 11. | Norris, Frank.(1901)。The Octopus: A Story of California。Garden City, N.Y.：Doubleday & Company, Inc。 | | 12. | Norris, Frank.(1928)。The Responsibilities of the Novelist。Garden City, N.Y。 | | 13. | Pizer, Donald(1973)。The Novels of Frank Norris。New York：Haskell House Publishers LTD。 | | 14. | Tandt, Christophe Den.(1998)。The Urban Sublime in American Literary Naturalism。Urbana：University of Illinois Press。 | | 15. | Taylor, Walter Fuller.(1973)。The Economic Novel in America。New York：Octagon Book。 | | 16. | Whitney, Lois.(1934)。Primitivism and the Idea of Progress in English Popular Literature of the Eighteenth Century。Baltimore。 | | 17. | Zayani, Mohamed.(1999)。Reading the Symptom: Frank Norris, Theodore Dreiser, and the Dynamics of Capitalism。New York：PeterLan。 | | 18. | Kaplan, Harold(1981)。Power and Order: Henry Adams and the Naturalist Tradition in American Fiction。Chicago：U of Chicago P。 | | 19. | Walcutt, Charles Child(1974)。Seven Novelists in the American Naturalist Tradition: An Introduction。Minneapolis：University of Minnesota Press。 | | 20. | Harvey, David、Braun, Bruce(1996)。Justice, Nature and the Geography of Difference。Blackwell。 | | 21. | Fisher, Philip(1985)。Hard Facts: Setting and Form in the American Novel。New York：Oxford Univ. Press。 | | 22. | Pizer, Donald(1976)。Realism and Naturalism in Nineteenth-Century American Literature。New York：Russell & Russell。 | | 23. | Martin, Ronald(1981)。American Literature and the Universe of Force。Durham：Duke UP。 | 圖書論文| 1. | Pizer, Donald.(2002)。Frank Norris and the Frontier as Popular Idea in AmericaNaturalism: Recent and Uncollected Essays。American Literary Naturalism: Recent and Uncollected Essays。Bethesda：Academic。 | | 2. | Smith, Neil(1992)。Geography, Difference, and the Politics of Scale。Postmodernism and the Social Sciences。New York：St. M artin’s Press。 | |