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題名:再論南宋「兒女分產」法
書刊名:法制史研究
作者:津田芳郎
作者(外文):Tsuda, Yoshiro
出版日期:2008
卷期:13
頁次:頁43-68
主題關鍵詞:劉克莊女子分法兒女分產社會政策Liu K'o-ChuangThe half-share ruleNüzi fenfaThe sons and daughters divide the propertyErnü fenchanSocial policy
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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在南宋劉克莊的判決中,他引用了「父母已亡,兒女分產,女合得男之半」一法律條文。就目前所知,進行分析南宋曾引用且適用於此一法律條文的案例,我認為這條法律條文具備的要件是:父母雙亡後,分家(即分割家產)之際,如果只能繼承家產的男性是尚未成年者,這個時候則男女按 2 :1的比例均可分得家產。 此一立法的主旨是:即使女子已婚,通過將一部分家產給姐姐後,可以避免來自(包括姐姐在?)他人的傷害,從而保全未成年男子的生命和財產安全。另一方面,若有成年未婚女子或未成年女子時,這條法律亦不僅只是為了保全男子的財產,還兼有保障女子的生活?和其將來嫁資的作用。 不論是何種情?,這條法律條文的成立,著重於未成年男子的生命保護和財產保全,然後才期待給予姐妹們經濟援助的效果。我認為此法律規定分給女子家產,只是為了實現王朝政府的社會政策之意圖,是其所採用的一種方略,所以並非單純地按一定比率讓女子繼承家產為主要目的。如果監護人或撫養人是能夠管理和運營家產的父母或成年男子時,則不可能存在此一家產分割法。換言之,此一法律正是為欠缺這些條件的家庭「兒女」所設立。
In the Southern Sung, Liu Ke-zhuang 劉克莊in his legal precedent cited, ”According to the law, when the mother and father have died the sons and daughters divide the property, and a daughter gets half as much as a son.” So far as we have known by analyzing legal precedents of the Southern Sung which ever cited or applied to this article, I think this law required the following conditions: when the mother and father have died the sons and daughters divided the property, a daughter inherited half as much as a son only if the sons were all nonages. The purpose of this law is: leaving a portion of property to the sisters (even they were married) could protect the lives and property of underage sons from being harmed by others (“others” including the sisters). On the other hand, if the adult sisters were unmarried or sisters were also underage, this law not only guaranteed the sons’ property but also the sisters’ expenses and dowries. No matter under what situation, this article was primarily established to protect the lives and property of nonage sons; after the needs of sons were fulfilled, the law sought financial supports for sisters. In my opinion, instead of ensuring a certain scale of inheritance for sisters, demanding a property for sisters was only a strategy to realize the design of dynastic society. If the guardian or legal proxy were parents or adult men who could control and conduct family property, then this law wouldn’t be effective. In other words, this law was exactly set for family constituted by underage sons and sisters.
期刊論文
1.青木敦(200306)。南宋女子分法再考。中国--社會と文化,18,152-172。  延伸查詢new window
2.柳田節子(199603)。書評:高橋芳郎著「親を亡くした女たち--南宋期のいわゆる女子財產権について」。法制史研究,46,273-275。  延伸查詢new window
3.バーンハート、澤崎京子(199706)。中國史上の女子財產權--宋代法は「例外」か?。中国--社會と文化,12,233-262。  延伸查詢new window
4.柳立言(20041200)。宋代分產法「在室女得男之半」新探。法制史研究,6,41-97。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.柳立言(20040600)。宋代分產法「在室女得男之半」新探。法制史研究,5,61-121。new window  延伸查詢new window
會議論文
1.戴建國(2007)。南宋期家產分割法「在室女得男之半」新註。鄧廣銘教授百年誕辰國際學術研討會,160-169。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Bernhardt, Kathaiyn(1999)。Women and Property in China, 960-1949。Stanford, Calif.:Stanford University Press。  new window
2.翁育瑄、大澤正昭(2003)。唐宋变革期における女性、婚姻、家族の研究論著目錄(稿)。東京:上智大學文學部。  延伸查詢new window
3.滋賀秀三(1967)。中國家族法的原理。東京:創文社。  延伸查詢new window
4.劉克莊。後村先生大全集。  延伸查詢new window
5.田況(1983)。儒林公儀。揚州:江蘇古籍刻印社。  延伸查詢new window
6.高橋芳郎(2008)。譯註『名公書判清明集』官吏門•賦役門•文事門。札幌:北海道大學出版會。  延伸查詢new window
7.竇儀(1984)。宋刑統。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
8.Birge, Bettine(2002)。Women, property, and Confucian Reaction in Sung and Yuan China (960-1368)。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。  new window
9.徐松(1964)。宋會要輯稿。世界書局。  延伸查詢new window
其他
1.青木敦。東洋史研究リンク集,http://tlinks.at.infoseek.co.jp/。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.津田芳郎(2002)。親を亡くした女たち--南宋期の所謂女子財產権について。宋代中国の法制と社会。東京:汲古書院。  延伸查詢new window
2.柳田節子。書評:高橋芳郎著「親を亡くした女たち--南宋期のいわゆる女子財產権について」。東洋史論集。  延伸查詢new window
3.戶婚門•楡校。名公書判清明集。  延伸查詢new window
4.戶婚門•分析。名公書判清明集。  延伸查詢new window
5.脫脫(1967)。張誅傳。宋史。臺北:臺灣商務印書館。  延伸查詢new window
6.戶婚門,遺囑。名公書判清明集。  延伸查詢new window
7.劉克莊。書判。後村先生大全集。  延伸查詢new window
8.戶婚門•立繼類。名公書判清明集。  延伸查詢new window
9.竇儀(1984)。戶婚律。宋刑統。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
10.仁井田陞(1962)。宋代の家產法における女子の地位。中國法制史研究--奴隸農奴法、家族村落法。東京:東京大學出版會。  延伸查詢new window
11.長孫無忌、劉俊文(1983)。戶婚律。唐律疏議。北京:中華書局。new window  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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