本文從美國與中國外交戰略的角度，分析兩國軍事交流之發展與限制。目前美中整體雙邊關係，既非「敵人」，也非「盟友」，在此背景下，雙方的軍事關係同時呈現出「競爭」與「合作」的特質。近年來中國持續推動軍力現代化，已升高美國對來自中國潛在軍事挑戰的關切。美中在發展軍事交流的同時，政治與軍事互信仍顯不足。雙方的軍事合作關係在本質上屬於「消極性戰略合作」，目的在避免發生軍事意外、防止兩國軍事對抗態勢升高。目前美中雖已建立起越來越多的軍事對話與交流管道，但在各項安全議題的合作卻面臨無法深化的困境。

This study examines the military exchanges between the United States and China from the perspective of comparative foreign strategy. The overall relationship between the two great powers is neither that of enemies nor allies. Under such circumstances, U.S.-China military relations feature a mixture of competition and cooperation. Given China’s efforts to promote military modernization, Washington has shown increasing concern over the potential military challenges posed by China. While both powers seek to advance bilateral military ex-changes, political and military mutual trust has remained weak. Thus, the nature of U.S.-China military exchanges has been one of “negative strategic cooperation,” aimed at the avoidance of military accidents and confrontations. Although Washington and Beijing have built mul-tiple channels for military dialogue and exchanges, the two countries nonetheless find themselves in a predicament over how to deepen their cooperation on various security issues.