The local administrations of Qing dynasty merely reached to the county (縣) or subprefecture (州) level. The question that how and by what means could the local officials control the vast countryside, has aroused an extensive discussion. This study, choosing Qing I-lan as a case, attempts to describe, analyze and interpret the development of the bao-jia system and the 'qing-zhuang lian-jia' (cleansing villages and linked jias, 清庄聯甲) organization of the frontier area of Qing Taiwan. After this study, we found that the Qing government did not adopt the decimal system to organize people into security units (bao-jia system) from the beginning of setting up authority in I-lan. During the early Dau-guang (道光), the administrative division unit, bao (堡), and the household unit, bao (保), became one. The local officials of I-lan appointed the leaders of land developing organization, the Jie-shous (結首) of Jie-shou system, as the heads of bao-jia. Till then, the bao-jia system had become formalistic while the Jie-shou system still remained active as the local functional organization. As regard to the "Qing-zhuang lian-jia" system, we thought that there were two kinds of this system, one was a permanent organization, the other was a temporary one which was organized when local society was not secure and it would be dissolved when the peace reached. We found that the state was trying to use an artificial decimal system of bao-jia to extend its control into local society, while the situation made it difficult to do so. For the security's sake, local officials had no choice but to cooperate with the local elite, and to accommodate the boa-jia system. In frontier Taiwan, there was no strong lineages nor powerful gentry stratum existed; therefore, the leaders of towns and villages became a reliable force on behalf of the local officials to carry out government decrees not only because those local leaders shared the common interests with the officials, but also they were not powerful enough to constitute a menace to the officials.