The purpose of this study was to develop a professional accomplishment scale for volleyball referees and to compare the differences of professional accomplishments among the volleyball referees with different backgrounds. 112 volleyball referees (male 90, female 22), who were officiated for the 2008 National Intercollegiate Volleyball League, were voluntarily participated in this study. The mean age of participants was 31.33 years (± 12.01). The average refereeing experience was 4.58 years (± 5.56). The data were collected by 'professional accomplishment scale for volleyball referees' and analyzed by exploratory factor analysis and one-way ANOVA. There were 22 items of the scale and four factors. The cumulated explained variance was 59.58%. The four factors were named as competition management, officiating competence, impartial judgment and psychological accomplishment. The Cronbach α of the subscales were ranged form 0.70 to 0.92. One-way ANOVA demonstrated that there were significant differences in professional accomplishment between male and female, senior and novice, among different license grade referees. Male referees had higher scores in officiating competence and impartial judgment than those of female referees. The senior referees had higher scores in competition management, officiating competence and impartial judgment than those of the novice referees. The A grade referees had higher scores in officiating competence, impartial judgment, and psychological accomplishment than those of the C grade referees. The professional accomplishment scale for volleyball referees had acceptable validity and reliability, in the meantime, it could discriminate the differences of professional accomplishment between the referees with different backgrounds. In the future, the scale could apply to evaluate the volleyball referees.