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題名：The Role of Grammar in Second Language Acquisition
書刊名：正修通識教育學報
作者：周美智
作者(外文)：Chou, Mei-chih
出版日期：2010
卷期：7
頁次：頁113-135
主題關鍵詞：戴安．蘿森費爾曼；文法；文法能力；語言習得；溝通式方法；Diane Larsen-Freeman；Grammar；Grammaring；Language acquisition；Communicative approach
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文法為語言的架構，第二語言的學習過程與第一語言的習得有相同之處也有不同的地方。語言學家戴安•蘿森費爾曼在2003年曾提出學生學習文法應以語意，語用，語態為主，文法能力也應被視為語言學習中的第五種能力（除了聽，說，讀，寫能力之外），因此，文法課不應該只是學習語言系統，而是要了解如何去使用它，也就是語言的表達應顧及其正確性，意義性，與適當性。本文主要描述第二語言學習者在習得過程中如何發展其文法能力。
Grammar refers to the structures of language. The process by which the linguistic structures of a second language is acquired is in some ways analogous to primary language development, and is in some ways different from primary language development, According to Larsen-Freeman (2003) students develop grammaring skill as they acquire through making grammar decisions about meaning, use, and form. Grammaring, alongside listening, speaking, reading and writing is the ability to use grammar structures accurately, meaningfully, and appropriately. Grammar lessons arc not only about knowing language systems, but about knowing to use language. Meaningful interaction is required in the target language learning. Students arc concentrated on the learning of communicative act. This paper focuses on the discussion about how second language learners develop grammaring skill in the language acquisition through linguistic exposure.
期刊論文
1.Ellis, Rod、Loewen, Shawn、Erlam, Rosemary(2006)。Implicit and explicit corrective feedback and the acquisition of L2 grammar。Studies in Second Language Acquisition，28(2)，339-368。  new window
2.Baterman, B.(2008)。Student teachers' attitudes and beliefs about using the target language in the classroom。Foreign Language Annals，41(1)，11-28。  new window
3.Crawford, J.(2004)。Language choices in the foreign language classroom: Target language or the learners' first language?。Regional Language Centre Journal，35(1)，5-20。  new window
4.Krashen, S. D.(1976)。Formal and informal linguistic environments in language acquisition and language learning。TESOL Quarterly，10(2)，157-168。  new window
5.Selinker, Larry(1972)。Interlanguage。IRAL: International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching，10(1-4)，209-232。  new window
6.Terrell, Tracy D.(1991)。The role of grammar instruction in a communicative approach。Modern Language Journal，75(1)，52-63。  new window
7.Erlam, Rosemary(2003)。The Effects of Deductive and Inductive Instruction on the Acquisition of Direct Object Pronouns in French as a Second Language。The Modern Language Journal，87(2)，242-260。  new window
8.Shaffer, Constance(1989)。A comparison of inductive and deductive approaches to teaching foreign languages。The Modern Language Journal，73(4)，395-403。  new window
9.Gersten, R., Baker, S.K., Haager, D.,、Graves, A.W.(2005)。Exploring the role of teacher quality in predicting reading outcomes for first-grade English learners: An observational study。Remedial and Special Education，26，197–206。  new window
10.Gillies, R. M.(2006)。Teachers’ and students’ verbal behaviors during cooperative and small-group learning。British Journal of Educational Psychology，76，271-287。  new window
11.Hammerly, H.(1975)。The deduction/induction controversy。Modem Language Joumal，59，15-18。  new window
12.Komarova, N.、Nowak, M. A.。Natural selection of the critical period for languageacquisition。Proceedings: Biological Sciences，268 (472)，1189-1196。  new window
13.Meyer, L.M.(2000)。Barriers to meaningful instruction for English learners。Theory Into Practice，39，228–236。  new window
14.Terrell, T.D.(1977)。A natural approach to second language acquisition。The Modern Language Journal，61 (7)，325-339。  new window
15.Zhongganggao, C.(2001)。Second language learning and the teaching of grammar。Education，122 (2)。  new window
圖書
1.Larsen-Freeman, D.(2003)。Teaching language: From grammar to grammaring。Boston：Thomson & Heinle。  new window
2.VanPatten, B.(2003)。From input to output: A teacher’s guide to second language acquisition。Boston：McGraw-Hill。  new window
3.Halliday, Michael Alexander Kirkwood(1973)。Explorations in the Functions of Language。London：Edward Arnold。  new window
4.Krashen, Stephen D.(1985)。The input hypothesis: Issues and implications。London：Laredo Publishing。  new window
5.Mitchell, R.、Myles, F.(1998)。Second Language Learning Theories。  new window
6.Rutherford, William E.(1987)。Second Language Grammar: Learning and Teaching。Longman。  new window
7.Brown, Roger W.(1973)。A First Language: The Early Stages。Harvard University Press。  new window
8.Hymes, Dell H.(1974)。Foundations in Sociolinguistics: An Ethnographic Approach。University of Pennsylvania Press。  new window
9.Chomsky, Noam(1957)。Syntactic structures。Mouton。  new window
10.Pressly, M.(2002)。Reading instruction that works: The case for balanced teaching。New York, NY：Guilford。  new window
11.Larsen-Freeman, Diane、Long, Michael H.(1991)。An introduction to second language acquisition research。Longman。  new window
12.Chomsky, Noam(1965)。Aspects of the Theory of Syntax。MIT Press。  new window
13.Brown, H. Douglas(2000)。Principles of language learning and teaching。Addison Wesley Longman：Pearson Education。  new window
14.Chomsky, N.(1972)。Languages and the mind。New York。  new window
15.Ellis, R.(1992)。Grammar teaching practice or consciousness-raising?。Grammar consciousness-raising tasks。  new window
16.Gardner, R.C. and Lambert, W.E.(1972)。Attitudes and Motivations in Second Language Learning。Rowley, MA。  new window
17.Goner, Philips, and Steve Walters(1995)。Inductive and deductive approach in TESOL。Teaching Practice Handbook: Structures: Grammar and Function。Portsmouth, NH。  new window
18.Krashen, S.(2003)。Explorations in language acquisition and language use: The Taipei lectures。Portsmouth, NH。  new window
其他
1.Larsen-Freeman, D.(1997)。Grammar and its teaching: Challenging the myths(ED406829)。  new window
圖書論文
1.Lightbown, P. M.(1998)。The importance of timing in focus on form。Focus on form in classroom second language acquisition。Cambridge University Press。  new window
2.Ellis, R.(2007)。The differential effects of corrective feedback on two grammatical structures。Conversational interaction in second language acquisition: A series of empirical studies。Oxford：Oxford University Press。  new window
3.Swain, M.(2005)。The output hypothesis: Theory and research。Handbook of research in second language teaching and learning。Mahwah, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。  new window
4.Ellis, Rod(2002)。Grammar Teaching -- Practice or Consciousness-Raising?。Methodology in language teaching: an anthology of current practice。Cambridge University Press。  new window
5.Krashen, S.(1987)。Applications of psycholinguistic research to the classroom。Methodology in TESOL。New Jersey：Heinle & Heinle Publishers。  new window
 
 
 
 
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