Abstract In the wake of the Iraq War in 2003, an outburst of anti-Americanism was witnessed around the globe. Suddenly anti-Americanism and Neoconservatism became hot topics of academic study and discussion in the field of international relations. While it is difficult to characterize and define the nature of Anti-Americanism due to its diversity, scholars tend to interpret the issue differently according to their own political views. Those who hold a favorable view of George W. Bush’s foreign polices tend to see anti-Americanism as a bias, while those who disapprove of Bush’s policies see it as a legitimate international response. After giving a brief overview of the development of anti-Americanism in Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East, this paper finds both views to be partially true. The conflicting views of the issue also reflect the deep schism that exists between liberals and conservatives in the United States. With the so-called Bush Doctrine, announced in September 2002 after the 911 attack, President Bush made it clear that in order to protect its national security the US had the right to engage in preventive war. The doctrine, echoing Neoconservative ideas, emphasized that the U.S. possessed unprecedented—and unequaled—strength and influence in the world and should use it to establish international peace and order. After 911, the Bush administration had unequivocally demonstrated its desire to evade theconstraints of international rules and institutions, operating with a unilateral diplomatic style. Neoconservatism stresses ideology and upholds moral and democratic values, and its proponents believe that the US should act decisively in a unipolar environment. Moreover, Neoconservatives do not shun from talking about a benign American hegemony or Pax-Americana, and they consider American values to be its core element. However, Neoconservatism has underestimated the complexity of international problems and overestimated the effectiveness of American military prowess, consequently provoking an international backlash and strong liberal criticism on the domestic front. As wars in Iraq and Afghanistan drag on, and the world economy languishes in recession caused by an American financial crisis, the Bush administration has bid farewell to its discontented constituency. With Neoconservatism on the wane in the American political scene, anti-Americanism appears likely to recede.