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題名：死亡威脅及自我覺察狀態對死亡逃避行為之影響
書刊名：復興崗學報
作者：唐寧／顏志龍 引用關係
作者(外文)：Tang, Ning／Yen, Chih-long
出版日期：2010
卷期：99
頁次：頁1-17
主題關鍵詞：生化戰；死亡；生化防護衣；近端防衛；Chemical warfare；TMT；Death
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
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  • 點閱點閱:56
本研究的主要目的在於以「恐懼管理理論」（Terror Management Theory; Greenberg, Pyszczynski, & Solomon, 1986）為基礎，探討個體的自我覺察狀態(self-awareness）對其死亡逃避行為之影響。實驗操弄以穿著生化防護衣（CPC）誘發個體之自我覺察狀態，研究者認為當個體穿著CPC時，由於處於密閉狀態，因此可能誘發其自我覺察狀態，此自我覺察狀態可能使個體更加意識到死亡威脅，進而強化其死亡逃避反應。採用2 × 2 二因子完全受詴者間實驗設計，操弄「死亡威脅」（有、無）、「CPC」（有、無）等二個自變項；以死亡相關字詞反應時間作為依變項，並測量個體之自我覺察狀態。研究結果顯示穿著CPC時個體之自我覺察狀態較高，此外「死亡顯著性×CPC」在「死亡字詞反應時間」上有二因子交互作用效果。相較之下，面對死亡威脅時，穿著CPC的受詴者因壓抑死亡訊息，在死亡字詞反應時間上的反應速度較未著CPC者來得慢；同時在著CPC時，個體面對死亡威脅時對死亡字之反應時間，亦比未面對死亡威脅時來得慢。上述結果支持了研究者之假設。
Based on the proximal defense notion of Terror Management Theory, this study examined the effects of mortality salience and Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC) wearing on death-avoiding. It is hypothesized that CPC may induce a state of self-awareness, thus people who wear CPC will exhibit a stronger tendency of death-avoiding than those who do not. A factorial complete randomized design experiment was conducted. 100 military officers were randomly assigned to 2×2 conditions (mortality salience / control group and CPC wear / not). Reaction time（RT）in death-related words and measurement of self-awareness were collected as dependent variables. The results revealed a main effect of CPC on self-awareness. A significant two way interaction effect of the "mortality salience × CPC" on death-related words RT was also found. For those who wear CPC, mortality salient group reacted faster in death-related words than the control group. No such effect was found on no-CPC subjects.
期刊論文
1.顏志龍、卓淑玲(2003)。從美伊戰爭解析戰場心理壓力與部隊之因應作為。從政治作戰構面看美伊戰爭。  延伸查詢new window
2.Amdt, J.、Greenberg, J.、Simon, L.、Pyszczynski, T.、Solomon, S.(1998)。Terror management and self-awareness: Evidence that mortality salience provokes avldance of the self state。Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin，11，1216-1227。  new window
3.Csikszentmihalyi, M.、Figurski, T. J.(1982)。Self-awareness and aversive experience in everyday life。Journal of Personality，50，15-28。  new window
4.Dando, M.(1997)。"Discriminating" bio-weapons could target ethnic groups。Jane’s International Defense Review，30，77-78。  new window
5.Dechesne, M.、Pyszczynski, T.、Amdt, J.、Ransom, S.、Sheldon, K. M.、van Knippenberg, A.(2003)。Literal and symbolic immortality: The effect of evidence of literal immortality on self-esteem striving in response to mortality salience。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，84-122。  new window
6.Duval, T. S.、Wicklund, R. A.(1973)。Effects of objective self-awareness on attributions of causality。Journal of Experimental Social Psychology，9，17-31。  new window
7.Duval, T. S.、Duval, V. H.、Mulilis, J. P.(1992)。Effects of self-focus, discrepancy between self and standard, arid outcome expectancy favorability on the tendency to match self to standard or to withdraw。Journal of Personality and Social Psycholory，62，340-348。  new window
8.Florian, V.、Mikulincer, M.(1998)。Symbolic immortality and the management of the terror of death: The moderating role of attachment style。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，74(3)，725-734。  new window
9.Govern, J. M.、Marsch, L. A.(2001)。Development' and Validation of the Situational Self-Awareness Scale。Consciousness and Cognition，10(3)，366-378。  new window
10.Greenberg, J.、Solomon, S.、Pyszczynski, T.、Rosenblatt, A.、Burling, J.、Lyon, D.、Simon, L.、Pinel, E.(1992)。Why do people need self-esteem? Converging evidence that self-esteem serves an anxiety-buffering function。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，63(6)，913-922。  new window
11.Harmon-Jones, E.、Simon, L.、Greenberg, J.、Pyszczynski, T.、Solomon, S.、McGregor, H.(1997)。Terror management theory and self-esteem: Evidence that increased self-esteem reduces mortality salience effects。Journal of Personality and Social，72(1)，24-36。  new window
12.Hass, R. G.、Eisenstadt, D(1990)。The effects of self-focused attention on perspective-taking and anxiety。Anxiety research，2，165-176。  new window
13.Kruger, G. P.、Banderet, L. E.(1997)。Effects of chemical protective clothing on military performance: A review of the issues。Military Psychology，9，225-286。  new window
14.Landau, M. J.、Greenberg, J.、Solomon, S.、Pyszczynski, T.、Martens A.(2006)。Windows into nothingness: Terror management, meaninglessness, and negative reactions to modem art。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，90，879-892。  new window
15.Pyszczynski, T.、Greenberg, J.、Solomon, S.、Arndt, J.、Schimel, J.(2004)。Why do people need self-esteem? A theoretical and empirical review。Psychological Bulletin，130(3)，435-468。  new window
16.Scheier, M. F.、Carver, C. S.、Gibbons, F. X.(1979)。Self-directed attention, awareness of bodily states, and suggestibility。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，37，1576-1588。  new window
17.Scheier, M. F.、Carver, C. S.、Gibbons, F. X.(1981)。Self-focused attention and reactions to fear。Journal of Research in Personality，15，1-15。  new window
18.Silvia, P. J.(2001)。Nothing or the opposite intersecting terror management and objective self-awareness。European Journal of Personality，15，73-82。  new window
19.Silvia, P. J.(2002)。Self-awareness and emotional intensity。Cognition and Emotion，16，195-216。  new window
20.Wicklund, R. A.(1975)。Objective self-awareness. Advances in Experimental。Social Psychology，8，233-275。  new window
21.Greenberg, J.、Pyszczynski, T.、Solomon, S.、Rosenblatt, A.、Veeder, M.、Kirkland, S.、Lyon, D.(1990)。Evidence for terror management theory II: The effects of mortality salience reactions to those who threaten or bolster the cultural worldview。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，58(2)，308-318。  new window
22.Mikulincer, M.、Florian, V.、Hirschberger, G.(2003)。The existential function of close relationships: Introducing death into the science of love。Personality and Social Psychology Review，7(1)，20-40。  new window
23.Greenberg, J.、Porteus. J.、Simon, L.、Pyszczynski, T.、Solomon, S.(1995)。Evidence of a Terror Management Function of Cultural Icons: The Effects of Mortality Salience on the Inappropriate Use of Cherished Cultural Symbols。Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin，21，1221-1228。  new window
24.Burke, B. L.、Martens, A.、Faucher, E. H.(2010)。Two decades of Terror Management Theory: A meta-analysis of mortality salience research。Personality and Social Psychology Review，14(2)，155-195。  new window
25.Pyszczynski, T.、Greenberg, J.、Solomon, S.(1999)。A dual-process model of defense against conscious and unconscious death-related thoughts: An extension of terror management theory。Psychological Review，106(4)，835-845。  new window
26.Tam, K.-P.、Chiu, C.-Y.、Lau, I. Y.-M.(2007)。Terror management among Chinese: Worldview defence and intergroup bias in resource allocation。Asian Journal of Social Psychology，10(2)，93-102。  new window
27.Arndt, J.、Greenberg, J.、Pyszczynski, T.、Solomon, S.(1997)。Subliminal Exposure to Death-related Stimuli Increases Defense of the Cultural Worldview。Psychological Science，8，379-385。  new window
28.Arndt, J.、Greenberg, J.、Schimel, J.、Pyszczynski, T.、Solomon, S.(2002)。To Belong or Not to Belong, that is the Question: Terror Management and Identification with Gender and Ethnicity。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，83(1)，26-43。  new window
圖書
1.Carver, C. S.、Scheier, M. F.(1981)。Attention and self-regulation: A cpntrol-theory approach to human。Springer-Verlag。  new window
2.Duval, S.、Wicklund, R. A.(1972)。A theory of objective self-awareness。New York：Academic Press。  new window
3.Duval, T. S.、Silvia, P. J.(2001)。Self-awareness and causal attribution: A dual-systems theory。Boston：Kluwer Academic。  new window
4.Greenberg, J.、Pyszczynski, T.、Solomon, S.、Simon, L.、Breus, M.(1994)。Role of consciousness and accessibility of death-related thoughts in mortality salience effects。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology。  new window
5.Hyatt, C. W.、Hopkins, W. D.(1994)。Self-awareness in bonobos and chimpanzees: A comparative perspective。Self-awareness in animals and humans: Developmental perspectives。New York：Cambridge University Press。  new window
6.Marten, K.、Psarakos, S.(1994)。Evidence of self-awareness in the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiopstruncatus)。Self-Awareness in Animals and Humans。New York：Cambridge University Press。  new window
7.齊思賢、Miller, J.、Engelberg, S.、Broad, W.(2002)。細菌戰：美國生化武器之秘。台北市：時報文化。  延伸查詢new window
8.Koffka, Kurt(1935)。Principles of Gestalt Psychology。Harcourt, Brace & World。  new window
9.Cooley, C. H.(1902)。Human nature and the social order。New York：Schocken Books。  new window
10.Mead, George Herbert(1934)。Mind, Self and Society: from the Standpoint of a Social Behaviorist。Chicago, IL：University of Chicago Press。  new window
圖書論文
1.Greenberg, J.、Solomon, S.、Pyszczynski, T.(1997)。Terror management theory of self-esteem and cultural worldviews: Empirical assessments and conceptual refinements。Advances in Experimental Social Psychology。Academic Press。  new window
2.Greenberg, J.、Pyszczynski, T.、Solomon, S.(1986)。The causes and consequences of a need for self-esteem: A terror management theory。Public self and private self。Springer-Verlag。  new window
 
 
 
 
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