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題名:北冰洋安全問題與區域安全治理之挑戰
書刊名:東吳政治學報
作者:蔡明彥 引用關係李玫憲
作者(外文):Tsai, Ming-yenLee, Mei-hsien
出版日期:2011
卷期:29:1
頁次:頁113-177
主題關鍵詞:北冰洋北極融冰北極航線安全治理聯合國海洋法公約Arctic oceanArctic meltingArctic routesSecurity governanceUnited Nations convention on the law of the sea
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(6) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:6
  • 共同引用共同引用:100
  • 點閱點閱:35
本文旨在探討北極融冰所衍生之安全問題及區域安全治理面臨之挑戰。有鑑於「治理」這個概念在國際安全研究中的應用尚屬發展階段,本文將先綜整研究文獻,釐清「安全治理」的確切意涵,做為本文的分析立論。其次,本文將分別從地緣戰略競逐、資源開發爭端、大陸礁層爭奪、西北航道爭議以及生態環境安全等面向,逐一說明北冰洋安全問題的發展脈絡。另外,本文分析牽涉北冰洋安全事務主要行為者,包括俄羅斯、美國、加拿大、丹麥和挪威等國的政策立場,以瞭解各國立場的異同。最後則是檢視近年來北冰洋地區安全治理之實踐,以及其所面臨的主要挑戰。
This study aims to explore security issues and regional security governance in the Arctic Ocean. Given that the study of “governance” is still in a preliminary phase, this paper starts with examining the existing literature to offer a definite concept of “security governance” for the analysis of the Arctic case. Second, it explains the context of security issues, through the examination of geopolitical values, energy economic interests, continental shelf disputes, the Northwest Passage’s position, and environmental security. Third, it analyzes the stances of main actors involved in the arctic security affairs, including Russia, U.S., Canada, Demark, and Norway. Finally, it discusses the practices and challenges of developing regional security governance in the Arctic Ocean.
期刊論文
1.Webber, Mark et al.(2004)。The Governance of European Security。Review of International Studies,30(1),3-26。  new window
2.Bieler, Andreas(2001)。Questioning Cognitivism and Constructivism in IR Theory: Reflections on the Material Structure of Ideas。Politics,21(2),93-100。  new window
3.Buzan, Barry(1991)。New Patterns of Global Security in the Twenty-first Century。International Affairs,67(3),421-451。  new window
4.Buzan, Barry(1993)。From International System to International Society: Structure Realism and Regime Theory Meet the English School。International Organization,47(3),327-352。  new window
5.楊昊(20051200)。「安全治理」的理論與實踐:以東南亞國協安全治理模式的建構與演化為例。臺灣政治學刊,9(2),153-231。new window  延伸查詢new window
6.Jessop, Bob(1999)。The Changing Governance of Welfare: Recent Trends in Its Primary Functions, Scale and Modes of Coordination。Social Policy and Administration,33(4),348-359。  new window
7.Kirchner, Emil J.(2006)。The Challenge of European Union Security Governance。Journal of Common Market Studies,44(5),947-968。  new window
8.Rhodes, Robert A. W.(1996)。The New Governance: Governing without Government。Political Studies,44(4),652-667。  new window
9.Rosenau, James N.(1995)。Governance in the Twenty-first Century。Global Governance,1(1),13-43。  new window
10.Smouts, Marie-Claude(1998)。The Proper Use of Governance in International Relations。International Social Science Journal,50(155),81-89。  new window
11.張亞中(20010700)。全球治理:主體與權力的解析。問題與研究,40(4),1-24。new window  延伸查詢new window
12.Friis, Lykke、Murphy, Anna(1999)。The European Union and Central and Eastern Europe: Governance and Boundaries。Journal of Common Market Studies,37(2),211-232。  new window
13.Arend, Anthony Clark(1998)。Do Legal Rules Matter: International Law and International Politics。Virginia Journal of International Law,38(2),107-153。  new window
14.Brubaker, R. Douglas(2001)。Straits in the Russian Arctic。Ocean Development and International Law,32(3),263-287。  new window
15.Charron, Andrea(2005)。The Northwest Passage Shipping Channel: Sovereignty First and Foremost and Sovereignty to the Side。Journal of Military and Strategic Studies,7(4),1-26。  new window
16.Gould, Tim(2004)。The European Economic Area: A Model for the EU's Neighbourhood Policy?。Perspectives on European Politics and Society,5(2),171-202。  new window
17.Gjertz, Ian、Mørkved, Berit(1998)。Norwegian Arctic Expansionism, Victoria Island (Russia) and the Bratvaag Expedition。ARCTIC,51(4),330-335。  new window
18.Jabour, Julia、Weber, Melissa(2008)。Is It Time to Cut the Gordian Knot of Polar Sovereignty。Review of European Community and International Environmental Law,17(1),27-40。  new window
19.Jensen, Leif Christian(2007)。Petroleum Discourse in the European Arctic: The Norwegian Case。Polar Record,43(3),247-254。  new window
20.Johnston, Douglas M.(2002)。The Northwest Passage Revisited。Ocean Development and International Law,33(2),145-164。  new window
21.Kavalski, Emilian.(2008)。The Complexity of Global Security Governance: An Analytical Overview。Global Society,22(4),423-443。  new window
22.Krahmann, Elke(2005)。Security Governance and Networks: New Theoretical Perspectives in Transatlantic Security。Cambridge Review of International Affairs,18(1),15-30。  new window
23.Krahmann, Elke(2005)。American Hegemony or Global Governance? Competing Visions of International Security。International Studies Review,7(4),531-545。  new window
24.Kraska, James(2007)。The Law of the Sea Convention and the Northwest Passage。The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law,22(2),257-282。  new window
25.Krause, Keith(1998)。Theorising Security, State Formation and the ‘Third World' in the Post-Cold War World。Review of International Studies,24(1),125-136。  new window
26.Kunoy, Bjørn(2007)。A New Arctic Conquest: The Arctic Outer Continental Margin。Nordic Journal of International Law,76(4),465-480。  new window
27.Leitner, Peter M.(1998)。A Bad Treaty Returns: The Case of the Law of the Sea Treaty。World Affairs,160(3),134-150。  new window
28.McRae, Donald(2007)。Arctic Sovereignty? What is at Stake?。Behind The Headlines,64(1),1-23。  new window
29.Mifflin, Michael(2007)。Arctic Sovereignty: A View from the North。Policy Options,28(5),55-58。  new window
30.Pedersen, Torbjørn(2006)。The Svalbard Continental Shelf Controversy: Legal Disputes and Political Rivalries。Ocean Development and International Law,37(3/4),339-358。  new window
31.Pirtle, Charles E.(2000)。Military Use of Ocean Space and the Law of the Sea in the New Millennium。Ocean Development and International Law,31(1/2),7-45。  new window
32.Dittmann, LCol. Paul(2009)。In Defence of Defence: Canadian Arctic Sovereignty and Security。Journal of Military and Strategic Studies,11(3),1-64。  new window
33.Rayfuse, Rosemary(2007)。Melting Moments: The Future of Polar Oceans Governance in a Warming World。Review of European Community and International Environmental Law,16(2),196-216。  new window
34.Elizabeth, Riddell-Dixon(2008)。Canada and Arctic Politics: The Continental Shelf Extension。Ocean Development and International Law,39(4),343-359。  new window
35.Elliot-Meisel, Elizabeth B.(1999)。Still Unresolved after Fifty Years: The Northwest Passage in Canadian-American Relations, 1946-1998。American Review of Canadian Studie,29(3),407-430。  new window
36.Rayfuse, Rosemary(2008)。Protecting Marine Biodiversity in Polar Areas beyond National Jurisdiction。Review of European Community and International Environmental Law,17(1),3-13。  new window
37.Roderfeld, Hedwig(2008)。Potential Impact of Climate Change on Ecosystems of the Barents Sea Region。Climatic Change,87(1/2),283-303。  new window
38.Shadian, Jessica(2006)。Remaking Arctic Governance: The Construction of and Arctic Inuit Polity。Polar Record,42(3),249-259。  new window
39.Wines, Michael(2002)。Threats and Responses: U.S. Defense; Moscow Miffed over Missile Shield but Others Merely Shrug。New York Times,A18。  new window
40.Stern, Todd、Antholis, William J.(2007)。A Changing Climate: The Road Ahead for the United States。The Washington Quarterly,31(1),175-188。  new window
41.Tennberg, Monica(2007)。International Environmental Cooperation in Northwest Russia: An Assessment of Performance。Polar Record,43(3),231-238。  new window
42.Timtchenko, Leonid(1997)。The Russian Arctic Sectoral Concept: Past and Present。ARCTIC,50(1),29-35。  new window
43.Young, Oran R.(2005)。Governing the Arctic: From Cold War Theater to Mosaic of Cooperation。Global Governance,11(1),9-15。  new window
44.Young, Oran R.(2009)。Whither the Arctic? Conflict or Cooperation in the Circumpolar North。Polar Record,45(1),73-82。  new window
會議論文
1.Arctic Ocean Conference(2008)。The Ilulissat Declaration。  new window
2.Orheim, Olav(2003)。Protecting the Environment of the Arctic Ecosystem。New York。  new window
研究報告
1.IPCC(2007)。Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report。Geneva, Switzerland:IPCC。  new window
2.The Commission on Global Governance(1995)。Our Global Neighbourhood: The Report of the Commission on Global Governance。Oxford University Press。  new window
3.Cohen, Ariel(2008)。The New Cold War: Reviving the U.S. Presence in the Arctic。Washington, D.C.。  new window
4.Holtsmark, Sven G.(2009)。Towards Cooperation or Confrontatoin? Security in the High North。Rome, Italy。  new window
5.Reistad, Ole、Ølgaard, Povl L.(2006)。Russian Nuclear Power Plants for Marine Applications。Ooskilde, Denmark。  new window
圖書
1.Young, Oran R.(1998)。Creating Regimes: Arctic Accords and International Governance。Ithaca。  new window
2.Rosenau, James N.(1990)。Turbulence in World Politics: A Theory of Change and Continuity。Princeton, NJ:Princeton University Press。  new window
3.Sandler, Todd(1997)。Global Challenges: An Approach to Environmental, Political, and Economic Problems。Cambridge University Press。  new window
4.Pierre, Jon、Peters, B. Guy(2000)。Governance, Politics and the State。London:New York:Hampshire:Macmillan Press:St. Martin's Press:Houndmills。  new window
5.ACIA(2005)。Arctic Climate Impact Assessment。New York。  new window
6.European Commission(2008)。The European Union and the Arctic Region, COM (2008) 763 Final。Brussels。  new window
7.NATO(2001)。NATO's Role in Disaster Assistance。Brussels, Belgium。  new window
8.Rothwell, Donald R.(1996)。The Polar Regions and the Development of International Law。Cambridge。  new window
9.Hurrel, Andrew(1995)。International Society and the Study of Regimes. A Reflective Approach。Regime Theory and International Relations。Oxford。  new window
10.Petersen, Nikolaj(2009)。The Arctic as a New Arena for Danish Foreign Policy: The Ilulissat Initiative and Its Implications。Danish Foreign Policy Yearbook 2009。Copenhagen, Denmark。  new window
其他
1.CBS News(2010)。Number of Illegal Immigrants Plunges by 1M: Department of Homeland Security Reports Sharp Drop in Undocumented Population, Renewing Divisive Debate,http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/02/ll/national/main6197466.shtml, 2010/11/02。  new window
2.Borg, Joe(2009)。The European Union's Strategy of Sustainable Management for the Arctic,http://ec.europa.eu/maritimeaffairs/, 20110411。  new window
3.Browne, Marjorie Ann(2005)。The Law of the Sea Convention and U.S. Policy,http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/IB95010.pdf, 20110411。  new window
4.Carnaghan, Matthew,Goody, Allison(20060126)。Canadian Arctic Sovereignty,Ottawa:Parliamentary Information and Research Service, Library of Parliament。,http://www2.parl.gc.ca/content/lop/researchpublications/,(PRB 05-61E)。 20110415。  new window
5.Apps, Peter(2007)。Norway Links Afghan Role to NATO Support in Arctic,http://uk.reuters.com/article/2007/10/03/uk-norway-, 20110411。  new window
6.Bird, Kenneth J.(200807)。Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal: Estimates of Undiscovered Oil and Gas North of the Arctic Circle,http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3049/fs2008-3049.pdf,(USGS Fact Sheet 2008-3049)。 20110411。  new window
7.Carter, Lee(2005)。Canada Sends Navy to Arctic North,http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4175446.stm, 20110411。  new window
8.Crawford, Alec(2008)。Arctic Sovereignty and Security in a Climate-Changing World,http://www.iisd.org/pdf/2008/arctic_, 20110415。  new window
9.Dinan, Stephen(2009)。Bush Stakes U.S. Claim in Arctic: Seeks Rights to Waterways and Resources,http://www.washingtontimes., 20110411。  new window
10.Carter, Lee(2007)。Arctic Neighbours Draw Up Battle Lines,http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/6941569.stm, 20110411。  new window
11.Chivers, C. J.(2007)。Russians Plant Flag on the Arctic Seabed,http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/03/world/europe/03arctic.html?ex=1343793600&en=9c9e20517f5aece8&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss, 20110411。  new window
12.Regehr, Ernie(2003)。Canada and Ballistic Missile Defence 20110415。  new window
13.Reuters(2007)。Canada Plans Arctic Bases, Expanded Patrol Force,http://www.reuters.com/article/2007/08/11/us-arctic-idUSN, 20110411。  new window
14.Dowd, Allan(2007)。Canada Plans Ships to Assert Arctic Sovereignty,http://www.reuters.com/article/2007/07/09/, 20110411。  new window
15.Dufresne, Robert(2007)。Canada's Legal Claims over Arctic Territory and Waters,http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Content/LOP/ResearchPublications/, 20110415。  new window
16.Faulconbridge, Guy(2008)。Russia Sends Bombers, Fighters to Atlantic, Arctic,http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/2/2/, 20110411。  new window
17.Fletcher, Michael A.(2007)。North American Summit Convenes。  new window
18.Friedman, Benjamin,Friedman, Daniel(2004)。How the Law of the Sea Convention Benefits the United States,http://www., 20110411。  new window
19.BBC News(2004)。Denmark, US Sign Radar Base Deal,http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3541254.stm, 20110411。  new window
20.Hildreth, Steven A.(2001)。National Missile Defense and Alaska,http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/crs/rs20052.pdf, 20110415。  new window
21.Reuters(2008)。Media Advisory: Canadian Forces Launch Operation Nanook 2008,http://www.reuters.com/article/2008/08/19/idUS161863, 20110411。  new window
22.Huebert, Rob,Yeager, Brooks B.(2008)。A New Sea: The Need for a Regional Agreement on Management and Conservation of the Arctic Marine Environment,http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_, 20110415。  new window
23.IASC(2009)。Arctic Science Summit Week ASSW 2009,www.imr., 20100129。  new window
24.Jones, Lucy(2002)。Arctic Worries over Missile Shield,http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2591283.stm, 20110411。  new window
25.Kim, McLaughlin(2008)。Arctic Claimants Say They Will Obey U.N. Rules,http://www.reuters.com/article/2008/05/28/us-arctic-, 20110411。  new window
26.Kramer, Andrew E.(2007)。Russia Set to Plant Flag on Arctic Seabed,http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/02/world/europe/02, 20110411。  new window
27.MacDonald, Brian(2007)。Defence Requirements for Canada's Arctic,http://www.cda-cdai.ca/cdai/uploads/cdai/2008/12/vimy_paper2.pdf, 20110415。  new window
28.Moore, John Norton(2004)。United States Adherence to the Law of the Sea Convention: A Compelling National Interest,http://www., 20110411。  new window
29.Reynolds, Paul(2007)。Russia Ahead in Arctic ‘Gold Rush’,http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/6925853.stm, 20110411。  new window
30.BBC News(2004)。Denmark Hopes to Claim North Pole,http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3716178.stm, 20110411。  new window
31.BBC News(2005)。Canada Says No to US Missile Plan,http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4289925.stm, 20110411。  new window
32.BBC News(2005)。Canada Island Visit Angers Danes,http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4715245.stm, 20110411。  new window
33.BBC News(2007)。Canada PM Asserts Arctic Claims,http://news., 20110411。  new window
34.Benita, Ferrero-Waldner(2009)。Transforming the Arctic,http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=SPEECH/09/92&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en, 20110411。  new window
35.NATO(2008)。Bucharest Summit Declaration,http://www.nato.int/, 20110411。  new window
36.New York Times(2004)。Greenland Base to be Upgraded as Part of Missile Shield Plan。  new window
37.Scheffer, Jaap de Hoop(2009)。Security Prospects in the High North,http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/opinions_50077.htm, 20110411。  new window
38.UN General Assembly(2007)。Sixty-Second Session Agenda Item 77 (a) : Oceans and the Law of the Sea,http://daccessdds.un.org/, 20100129。  new window
39.Zabarenko, Deborah(2007)。After Russia and Canada, US Ship Headed for Arctic,http://www.reuters.com/article/2007/08/, 20110415。  new window
40.Rutenberg, Jim(2007)。Bush's Talks with Neighbors Are Overshadowed by Storm,http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/21/, 20110411。  new window
41.Smith, Mark A.,Giles, Keir(2007)。Russia and the Arctic: The Last Dash North,www.da.mod.uk/colleges/arag/document-listings/russian/07, 20110411。  new window
42.Sweeney, Conor(2009)。Russian General Says Watching Arctic Militarization,http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/02/23/, 20110411。  new window
43.Young, Oran R.(2002)。Arctic Governance: Preparing for the Next Phase,http://www.arcticparl.org/_res/site/File/images/conf5_, 20110411。  new window
44.The Washington Times(2007)。Canada to Claim Arctic Passage,http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2007/aug/20/canada-to-claim-arctic-passage/, 20110411。  new window
45.The White House(2009)。NSPD-66 / HSPD-25,http://www., 20100129。  new window
圖書論文
1.Adler, Emanuel、Barnett, Michael(1998)。A Framework for Study of Security Communities。Security Communities。New York:Cambridge University Press。  new window
2.Rosenau, James N.(2000)。governance in globalizing space。Debating Governance。New York:Oxford University Press。  new window
3.Pierre, Jon(2000)。Introduction: Understanding Governance。Debating Governance: Authority, Steering, and Democracy。Oxford University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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