Taiwanese opera (ge-zi-xi) originated as part of folk culture and developed as an art form in the commercial theater. In order to meet the demands of the ever-changing theatrical environment that valued innovation, it long ago adopted a performing style called “scenario"(mu-biao-xi)to eliminate the trouble of writing and rehearsing and to meet the great demand of new operas. Improvisation in Taiwanese opera is similar to that in Italian comedy(Commedia dell'Arte), which first became popular in the sixteenth century, whether in the creation of new plays or in improvising, and the two provide an interesting contrast to each other. Taiwanese opera can be viewed as the most representative Oriental art form of improvisation performance, and its essence lies in the improvisation of its actors. This article is divided into two parts: the first part is devoted to a description of the mechanism and the process of actors´ improvisation performance in Taiwanese opera. An explanation is provided, which shows how such performance works on the stage with the actors as its center and illustrates the main procedure in the improvisation performance, including setting up dramatic scenes, developing the plot, and singing. Finally, some examples are taken to show how the above three steps are taken up by actors of the Taiwanese opera to put on a scenario on stage. The second part introduces the essence and methods of the training required for the improvisation performance of actors in Taiwanese opera. The training process for actors includes developing a familiarity of some operas to increase their knowledge and acting skills in a cumulative manner. Further, the cultivation and training process is analyzed, including the effects of the dramatic environment on the actors, acting and singing practices as well as actual training for certain characters. After a discussion of the mechanism and training of the actors´ improvisation performances, a conclusion is drawn on the formation of the “mashup" style of performance in Taiwanese opera.