James (2001: 78) 將學習者的偏差分為偏誤和錯誤，本文在此基礎上，將漢語學習者的聲調發音偏差分為習得偏誤 (偏誤)、記憶錯誤 (錯誤)、口頭失誤 (錯誤) 三種。結合學習者在漢字朗讀 (任務一)、聲調標注 (任務二)、拼音朗讀 (任務三) 上的表現，對學習者的聲調發音偏差進行分類後發現，在漢字朗讀任務中偏誤的數量極小；在拼音朗讀任務中偏誤的數量略高於口頭失誤。

There are errors and mistakes in learners’ language deviations according to James’theory(2001:78). The article categorizes learners’ false pronunciations of Mandarin tones into three: acquisition errors, memory mistakes and pronouncing slips. Using task1 reading characters aloud, task2 marking characters tones and task3 reading characters with pinyin aloud the three kinds of false pronunciations of tones are identified. The result shows that mistakes and slips are much more than errors in task1 and a little less than errors in task3.