論核子武器之適法性__臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

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題名：	論核子武器之適法性
書刊名：	軍法專刊
作者：	田力品
作者(外文)：	Tien, Li-pin
出版日期：	2011
卷期：	57:2
頁次：	頁204-237
主題關鍵詞：	核子武器；戰爭法；軍事必要；不必要痛苦；不加區別；比例失衡；軍事價值；持有；諮詢意見；戰爭犯罪；Nuclear weapons；Laws of war；Military necessity；Unnecessary suffering；Indiscriminate；Disproportionate；Military utility；Possession；Advisory opinion；War crime
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:0 共同引用:0 點閱:37

單兵或有能力區別平民及戰鬥人員，但空投轟炸與飛彈則欠缺此一能力。在核武世紀，平民成為核武直接或間接殺傷之目標。核子武器與細菌武器及化學武器同為大規模毀滅性武器。對於後者，國際公約已律定為違法；對於核子武器，卻尚無違法之明文。核武在戰略運用、軍事必要及國家安全具有一定之價值，而以核武為嚇阻戰爭之手法，建構自冷戰時期以來的恐怖平衡。然而，對攻擊客體不加區別及造成損害比例失衡，為核子武器之特質，而該兩項特質，與1949 年日內瓦公約及國際習慣法中，交戰國應保護平民及非戰鬥人員之規定有違。運用違法武器從事作戰，該軍事行動即屬違法。本文主張核子武器更甚於毒武器，其本質違法；持有及運用核子武器均屬非法。

以文找文

Use of nuclear weapons erases the distinction between military and civilians, combatants and noncombatants, neutral and belligerent; its destructive power annihilates a large segment of population, and produces long-term environmental and biological destruction. Indiscriminate and disproportionate destruction caused by nuclear explosion make nuclear weapon's destructive capability unique. Far-reaching and long-lasting radioactive fallout contamination poisons all creatures, resources and environment. If the use of poison on an arrow made it a poisoned weapon, the use of uranium in nuclear weapons would appear to render the latter "poisoned" in the same sense. Nuclear weapons are more than functionally equivalent to poison weapons; as a matter of law, they are by no means to be treated differently from other weapons of mass destruction. International conventions and treaties are silent regarding the legality of nuclear weapons. However, the principles and rules of laws of war have never changed and can never be ignored; the laws of humanity and dictates of public conscience is always the core of the laws of war, and it is codified in the Preamble of the Hague Convention in 1907. This note analyzes principles and rules of the international conventional law and customary law criticizing proposals for the legitimization of nuclear weapons, proposing that nuclear weapons are illegal per se and can not be employed in any lawful manner, and use of nuclear weapons is a crime against humanity.

以文找文

期刊論文
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17.	Schmitt, M. N.(1999)。The principle of discrimination in 21st century warfare。Yale Human Rights & Development Law Journal，2，143。
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21.	Weston, B. H.(1983)。Nuclear weapons versus international law: a contextual reassessment。McGill Law Journal，28，542。
22.	Weston, B. H.(1983)。Nuclear weapons and international law: illegality in context。Denver Journal of International Law and Policy，13，1。
23.	Weeramantry, Justice C. G.(2000)。Nuclear weapons and international law。Michigan State University - DCL Journal of International Law，9，255。
24.	Weston, B. H.(1983)。Nuclear weapons and international law: prolegomenon, to general illegality。New York Law School Journal of International and Comparative Law，4。

圖書
1.	Roberts, Adam、Guelff, Richard(2000)。Documents on the laws of war。New York, NY：Oxford University Press。
2.	Weissbrodt, D.、Aolain, N. R.、Fitzpartrick, J.、Newman, F.(2009)。International Human Rights: Law, Policy, and Process。Lexis Nexis Matthew Bender。
3.	Department of Defense.(2001)。Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms。Washington, DC：U.S. Government Printing Office。
4.	Meyrowitz, E. L.(1990)。Prohibition of nuclear weapons: The relevance of international law。Dobbs Ferry, N.Y：Transnational Publishers。
5.	Moxley, C. J., Jr.(2000)。Nuclear weapons and international law in the post Cold War world。Lanham, MD：Austin & Winfield。
6.	Glasstone, S.、Dolan, P. J.(1977)。The effects of nuclear weapons。Washington, DC：U.S. Government Printing Office。
7.	Goldblat, J.(2002)。Arms control: The new guide to negotiations and agreements。London, UK：Sage Publications。
8.	Singh, N.(1959)。Nuclear weapons and international law。New York, NY：F. A. Praeger。
9.	Office of Technology. Assessment.(1979)。The effects of nuclear war。Washington, DC：Government Printing Office。
10.	Gamer, B. A., et al(2009)。Black’s law dictionary。St. Paul, Minn：West。
11.	Spaight, J.(1947)。Air power and war rights。London, U.K.。
12.	Green, L. C.(2000)。The contemporary law of armed conflict. Melland Schill studies in international law。Manchester。
13.	International Committee of the Red Cross(1973)。Weapons that may cause unnecessary suffering or have indiscriminating effects。Geneva。
14.	Joint Chief of Staff.(2005)。Joint publications 3-12。doctrine for joint nuclear operations。Washington DC。

其他
1.	(1986)。Military and Paramilitary Activities (Nicar.. V. U.S.)，1986 I.C.J. 14, 135。
2.	Federation of American Scientists(2010)。Status of world nuclear forces，http://www.。
3.	Fidler, D. P.(2003)。Weapons of mass destruction and international law，http://www.asil.org/insigh97.cfm。
4.	Giles, L.(n.d.)。The art of war by Sun Tzu，http://www.1iLetao.info/artofwar.thetao.。
5.	Burroughs, J.(1999)。The International Criminal Court, Weapons of Mass Destruction, NGOs, And Other Issues: A Report on The Negotiations And The Statute，http://lcnp.org/global/icc.htm。
6.	Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide。
7.	(1995)。G.A. Res. 49/75, K, U.N. Doc. A/RES/49/75。
8.	Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological and Toxin. Weapons and on Their Destruction。
9.	Declaration of St. Petersburg。
10.	(1961)。G.A. Res. 1653 (XVI)。
11.	International Committee of the Red Cross(1956)。Draft rules for the limitation of the dangers incurred by the civilian population in time of war，http://www.。
12.	Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty。
13.	Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field。
14.	Protocol Additional to the Geneva Convention of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts。
15.	Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea。
16.	Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or other Gases and Bacteriological Methods of Warfare。
17.	Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court。
18.	Hague Convention IV。
19.	Nuremburg Charter。
20.	Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War。
21.	Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War。
22.	African Nuclear Weapon Free Zone Treaty。
23.	(1995)。S.C. Res. 984, 1, U.N. Doc. S/RES/984。
24.	(1927)。S.S. Lotus (Fr. v. Turk.)，1927 P. C. I. J. (ser. A) No. 10，at 18。
25.	Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapons Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water。
26.	Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean。
27.	Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons。
28.	Treaty Between the USA and the USSR on Limitation of Underground Nuclear Weapon Tests。
29.	Treaty on the Southeast Asia Nuclear Weapon Free Zone。
30.	(1948)。Trial of the Major War Criminals before International Tribunals, Nuremburg, Germany, Vol. XXII，445，http://www.， 20100630。

圖書論文
1.	(19960708)。Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons, Advisory Opinion。1996 International Court of Justice Annual Reports。

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