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題名:《左傳》諸侯五月而葬說考辨
書刊名:中國文學研究
作者:魏千鈞
作者(外文):Wei, Chian-jiun
出版日期:2011
卷期:31
頁次:頁1-36
主題關鍵詞:左傳春秋喪禮喪禮凶禮Zuo zhuanFuneral rites of the Spring and Autumn periodFuneral rites
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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《左傳.隱公元年》言:「天子七月而葬,同軌畢至;諸侯五月,同盟至;大夫三月,同位至;士踰月,外姻至。」歷來《春秋》學者對此多信從其說,然近來有學者對諸侯五月而葬的說法表示不同的見解。本文在前人的研究基礎上,詳細統計春秋時期各國國君的殯期,從整體分佈、時間分佈與地域分佈三種角度進行分析。整體而言,五月而葬的例子將近一半是最多的,其次是三月而葬,其他月數則零星散見。從時間分佈來看,除了魯昭公時期外,五月而葬的比例並沒有愈來愈少,可見前後時期沒有明顯的變化,從地域分佈來看,則發現魯、陳、衛、曹、滕等國是施行五月而葬的,晉、鄭則是施行三月而葬之制,宋國則可能後來改採三月而葬之制,其他各國則無法明確確認其制度爲幾月。透過統計可以歸納出春秋時期最少有五月而葬與三月而葬兩種制度,所以《左傳》的說法與歷史事實不合。探究其因,發現《左傳》的說法與先秦儒家顯露出禮制爲天下通行的思維相合,這種思維可說是儒家推行主張的口號,並展露出禮制井然的秩序觀,而《左傳》更藉此書法行其道德訓誡之目的
The Zuo zhuan states "The Son of Heaven is buried after seven months, the feudal lords must attend; feudal lords after five months, with those allied with him attending; a senior official after three months, with those of the same rank attending; an official after a full month, with his relatives by marriage attending." Traditionally, scholars believed this statement; however, recently some scholars have expressed a different opinion. This article tallies and analyzes the various funeral times of feudal lords in the Spring and Autumn period. Data is then analyzed according to overall distribution, time distribution, nd regional distribution. Results show that in almost half the instances, the emperors were buried in five months. The next most common duration was three months, followed by various lengths of time. In terms of time distribution, apart from the period of Duke Zhao of Lu, the ratio of emperors being buried after five months did not decrease over time. In terms of regional distribution, five month burials were more common in Lu, Chen, Wei, Cao, and Teng, with three month burials being prevalent in Jin and Zheng. Song seems to have adopted a three month system too, although it was somewhat later. Other states are indeterminable, as their burial times varied too drastically. Numeric analysis confirms that there were indeed five-month and three-month systems in place during the Spring and Autumn period. Thus, this statement in the Zuo zhuan does not reflect historical facts. The reason for this is that this statement matches with common beliefs of pre-Qin Confucian scholars, namely that the same system is common throughout China. It could be that such a belief is something these scholars tried to advocate in their desire for widespread uniformity in rites. The Zuo zhuan expresses such an ethical standpoint through this statement
期刊論文
1.劉緒(199411)。春秋時期喪葬制度中的葬月與葬日。考古學研究,1994(2),189-200。  延伸查詢new window
2.杜正勝(19790900)。西周封建的特質--兼論夏政商政與戎索周索。食貨月刊,9(5/6),194-216。  延伸查詢new window
3.邵蓓(2005)。春秋諸侯的殯期。中國史硏究,2005(4),9-15。  延伸查詢new window
4.胡新生(1992)。周代殯禮考。中國史研究,1992(3),64-73。  延伸查詢new window
5.郭善兵(2006)。略述宋儒對周天子宗廟禮制的證釋--以宗廟廟數、祭祀禮制爲考察中心。東方論壇,2006(5),99-124。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.徐彥(2001)。春秋公羊傳注疏。臺北:藝文印書館。  延伸查詢new window
2.杜預(1978)。春秋經傳集解。臺北:新興書局。  延伸查詢new window
3.汪克寬(1983)。春秋胡傳附錄纂疏。臺北:臺灣商務印書館。  延伸查詢new window
4.司馬遷(2007)。史記。北京:中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
5.荀況、王先謙、沈嘯寰、王星賢(1997)。荀子集解。中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
6.孔穎達(2001)。禮記正義。臺北:藝文印書館。  延伸查詢new window
7.章景明(1971)。先秦喪服制度考。臺北:臺灣中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
8.張培瑜(1987)。中國先秦史曆表。濟南:齊魯書社。  延伸查詢new window
9.黃俊傑(20040000)。東亞儒學史的新視野。臺北:國立臺灣大學出版中心。new window  延伸查詢new window
10.朱熹(2005)。四書章句集注。大安出版社。  延伸查詢new window
11.左丘明、杜預、孔穎達(2001)。春秋左傳正義。臺北:藝文印書館。  延伸查詢new window
12.顧棟高、吳樹平、李解民(1993)。春秋大事表。中華書局。  延伸查詢new window
13.賈公彥(2001)。春秋穀梁傳注疏。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
14.李玉潔(1991)。先秦喪葬制度硏究。鄭州。  延伸查詢new window
15.楊伯峻(2000)。青秋左傳注。北京。  延伸查詢new window
16.季本(1995)。春秋私考。續修四庫全書。上海:上海古籍出版社。  延伸查詢new window
其他
1.郭善兵。略述清儒關於周代天子宗廟禮制的論述,http://www.lunwentianxia.com/product.free.1334767.1/。  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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