生理、社會及文化中不平等的性別權力關係，增加女性及青少女感染愛滋病毒的風險。抗愛滋病毒藥物治療能有效抑制愛滋病毒複製，延長愛滋感染者之預期壽命。愛滋病毒感染已成為慢性病，倘若協助女性感染者規則回診及接受治療，抗病毒藥物治療的效果及因愛滋病死亡的比率並無顯著性別差異，加上人工生殖技術的成熟，讓愛滋感染配偶對於生兒育女的需求成為實際可達的願望。促進性別平等及重視人權是愛滋防治的基石，護理人員應採取一切適當措施以消除在愛滋病照護及防治策略對婦女的歧視，保證她們在男女平等的基礎上取得各種預防及保健服務。

When women face social and cultural inequality they inevitably bear increased HIV infection risks. The success of antiretroviral therapies in suppressing HIV’s viral load and prolonging patient lives has made HIV a treatable chronic disease. Given the same follow-up treatments, research shows no significant differences between men and women in terms of either clinical, immunological or virological parameters at baseline or mortality after one year of antiretroviral therapy. Also, advances in assisted reproductive technologies now makes having HIV-free children possible for HIV couples. Gender equality and human right are essential to effective HIV prevention. Nurses must take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in HIV prevention, treatment and care programs in order to ensure equal gender access to critical healthcare services.