Proposition states the fact, and language describes the proposition. The relationship of structure between picture and language is that pictures, which configuration is mimetic is in contrast to language, which configuration is abstract. Since both proposition and fact are abstract from reality, we can say that the relation between proposition and reality is similar to the relation between language and picture, so that the form of proposition and the form of language both have similar configurations: non-mimetic. The works of visual arts are used to express a subject by virtue of proposition, but the problem is how a picture with mimetic configuration can express a proposition which is abstract? The aim of this essay is to explore the relationship of structure between picture and proposition. Some opinions are provided from this essay: The thinking of how to divide the reality into units and develop them into a structure of language is based on Wittgenstein’s “Tractatus”; and the approach which is based on Tulving’s episodic memory and semantic memory is adopted to explain the content of pictures, then made up the concept of iconicity to build the fundamentals which combine picture and language. Such approach is attempted to transfer the semantic theory into the iconic theory and finally to develop the theory of prototype of picture. The oil painting “Gabrielle d'Estrees and one of her sisters” is a good example , and Barthes’s concept of syntagm also provides a good guide to build up the theory about composition and explain the logic formation of proposition.