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題名:美國新教思想與個人主義--以殖民地時期為例
書刊名:復興崗學報
作者:蘇煒
作者(外文):Su, Wei
出版日期:2011
卷期:101
頁次:頁257-275
主題關鍵詞:新教主義個人主義北美殖民地美國民主ProtestantismIndividualismThe North American coloniesAmerican democracy
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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個人主義的核心概念是個體性的發展,但發展之途為何則看法分歧,一派主張出世,不要沉溺於物質欲望,人應體會自然中的法則,如梭羅(Henry David Thoreau)。另一派主張建立競爭性的社會,競爭可幫助人們發現他們的潛能,持此種看法有胡佛(Herbert Hoover)。此兩種個人主義都可在殖民地時期的新教思想尋找到他們的根源,新教思想的追隨者相信上帝的拯救來自於個人的奮鬥,而不是教會或神職人員的賜予。他們也相信他們在塵世所累積的財富,代表他們努力的成績。其次,盟約論利用神的力量來鎮懾人心,人們與上帝訂約,進入社會生活。最後,宗教與科學在他們的心目中是並存的,彼此並不衝突,這些新教理念為美國的心靈埋下個人主義的種子,並為民主奠定基礎。
The core idea of individualism is to develop one's individuality. However, how to accomplish this goal remains divergent. One school, exemplified by Henry David Thoreau, holds that people should not excessively involve themselves in temporal affairs, or indulge in material comforts, but explore and understand the laws of nature. Another school, embodied by Herbert Hoover, argues that people should endeavor to build up a competitive society, which encourages people to realize their potential. Both versions of the individualism can be traced to Protestantism in colonial America. Protestants believe people should fight for their salvation instead of having it being granted by the church or clergy. They followed the callings, and were happy to bear the work given to them by God. They also insisted the wealth they accumulated in the immortal world would be to their credit before God. Furthermore, under the awe-inspiring power of God, settlers established their holy covenant and had their communities in accordance with God's commandments. At last, the teaching of the God and science did not conflict with each other for Protestants but coexisted in harmony in their minds. These Protestantism ideas planted individualism in the American mind, and provided solid foundations for American Democracy.
期刊論文
1.蘇煒(20051100)。美國個人主義的轉變--從農業社會進入工業社會。人文及管理學報,2,205-235。new window  延伸查詢new window
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5.叢日云(2004)。在上帝與凱撒之間--基督教二元政治觀與近代自由主義。臺北:左岸文化出版社。  延伸查詢new window
6.Brinkley, Alan(1991)。American History: A Survey。New York:McGraw-Hill。  new window
7.Lipset, Seymour Martin、Marks, Gary(2000)。It Didn't Happen Here--Why Socialism Failed in the United States。New York:W. W. Norton & Company。  new window
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18.Parrington, Vernon Louis(1987)。Main Currents in American Thoughts。Norman, OK。  new window
19.Persons, Stow(1983)。American Mind-A History of Ideas。Florida。  new window
20.Tindall, George Brown(1998)。America: A Narrative History。New York。  new window
21.Turner, Frederick Jackson(1996)。The Frontier in American History。New York。  new window
22.Watkins, Frederick(1948)。The Political Tradition of the West-A Study in the Development of Modern Liberalism。Cambridge, MA。  new window
23.Vaughan, Alden T.(1972)。The Puritan Tradition in America。NH。  new window
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29.Jefferson, Thomas(1999)。Notes on Virginia: Query XVII。Jefferson: Political Writings。UK。  new window
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其他
1.Pain, Thomas(1794)。The Age of Reason,http://libertyonline.hypermall.com'Paine'AOR-Frame.html, 20110202。  new window
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3.(1637)。Trial and interrogation of Anne Hutchinson,http://www.swarthmore.edu/bdorsey1/41docs/30-hut.html, 20110608。  new window
4.Benjamin, Franklin(1784)。Franklin Benjamin on Religion,http://bvml.org/GCIAH/franklin.html, 20110202。  new window
 
 
 
 
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