The Non-droppability of Uninterpretable Features in Second Language Acquisition: On the Interpretation of Resumptive Pronouns in L2 Chinese_

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題名：	The Non-droppability of Uninterpretable Features in Second Language Acquisition: On the Interpretation of Resumptive Pronouns in L2 Chinese
書刊名：	Taiwan Journal of Linguistics
作者：	江丕賢
作者(外文)：	Kong, Stano
出版日期：	2011
卷期：	9:2
頁次：	頁159-194
主題關鍵詞：	Uninterpretable features；Parameter resetting；Partial access；Resumptive pronouns；不可詮釋的特質；參數重設；部分運行；集合代名詞
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:0 共同引用:6 點閱:46

本研究旨在測試 Yuan and Zhao 在2005年和Tsimpli and Dimitrakopoulou 在2007年關於成年第二語中文之英語使用者對集合代名詞之參數重設詮釋。54名不同語言程度的英文使用者被要求更正含有集合名詞之不合語法的句子；受測者的答案將和中文母語使用者之對照組做比對。實驗結果反駁了Yuan and Zhao 的 “輸入驅使參數重設”論點。取而代之的是:不可詮釋的語法對內在文法建構與關鍵期之可操控性有關，並支持Tsimpli and Dimitrakopoulou的 “可詮釋性假說” 。值得爭議的是，藉由延伸不可詮釋之語法特質假定的不可及，一旦不可詮釋的語法特質被選定，如果第二語言也缺乏這不可詮釋的特質它們便不易被省略。

以文找文

The study sets to test proposals made by Yuan and Zhao (2005) and Tsimpli and Dimitrakopoulou (2007) in relation to the issue of parameter resetting in the interpretation of resumptive pronouns by adult English speakers of L2 Chinese. Fifty-four English speakers of different proficiency levels were asked to correct sentences involving ungrammatical resumptive pronouns in L2 Chinese and their responses were compared with those of a native speaker control group. Findings of the study argue against Yuan and Zhao’s input-driven parameter resetting account. Instead, they support the Interpretability Hypothesis of Tsimpli and Dimitrakopoulou in assuming that there is a critical period for the accessibility of uninterpretable syntactic features for the construction of mental grammars. It is argued, by extending the un-attainability of the uninterpretable features assumption, that once the uninterpretable syntactic features are selected, they become difficult to lose if L2 lacks such uninterpretable features.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Epstein, Samuel、Flynn, Suzanne、Martohardjono, Gita(1996)。Second language acquisition: Theoretical and experimental issues in contemporary research。Brain and Behavioral Sciences，19(4)，677-758。
2.	Hawkins, Roger、Chan, Yuet Hung Cecilia(1997)。The partial availability of Universal Grammar in second language acquisition: the 'failed functional features hypothesis'。Second Language Research，13(3)，187-226。
3.	Hawkins, Roger、Hattori, Hajime(2006)。Interpretation of English multiple wh-questions by Japanese speakers: A missing uninterpretable feature account。Second Language Research，22(3)，269-301。
4.	Yuan, Boping(1998)。Interpretation of binding and orientation of the Chinese reflexive ziji by English and Japanese speakers。Second Language Research，14(4)，324-340。
5.	Kamimoto, Tadamitsu、Shimura, Aki、Kellerman, Eric(1992)。A Second Language Classic Reconsidered: The Case of Schachter's Avoidance。Second Language Research，8(3)，251-277。
6.	Kong, S.(2005)。The partial access of universal grammar in second language acquisition: an investigation of the acquisition of English subjects by LI Chinese speakers。Journal of East Asian Linguistics，14，227-265。
7.	Tsimpli, Ianthi-Maria、Dimitrakopoulou, Maria(2007)。The Interpretability Hypothesis: Evidence from Wh-interrogatives in second language Acquisition。Second Language Research，23，215-242。
8.	Tsimpli, Ianthi-Maria、Roussou, Anna(1991)。Parameter-resetting in L2?。UCL Working Papers in Linguistics，3，149-170。
9.	Kellerman, Eric(1979)。Transfer and non-transfer: where we are now。Studies in Second Language Acquisition，2(1)，37-57。
10.	Schwartz, Bonnie D.、Sprouse, Rex A.(1996)。L2 cognitive states and the full transfer/full access model。Second Language Research，12(1)，40-72。
11.	Xu, Liejiong、Langendoen, D. Terence(1985)。Topic Structures in Chinese。Language，61(1)，1-27。
12.	江丕賢(20070700)。English Speakers and the Asymmetrical Matrix-Embedded Null Subjects in L2 Chinese。Concentric: Studies in Linguistics，33(2)，23-52。
13.	Thomas, Margaret(1995)。Acquisition of Japanese reflexive zibun and movement of anaphors in Logical Form。Second Language Research，11，206-234。
14.	Huang, Cheng-Teh James(1984)。On the distribution and reference of empty pronouns。Linguistic Inquiry，15(4)，531-574。
15.	Slabakova, Roumyana(2000)。Transfer revisited: The L2 acquisition of telicity marking in English by Spanish and Bulgarian native speakers。Linguistics，38，739-770。
16.	Ullman, Michael T.(2001)。The neural basis of lexicon and grammar in first and second language: The declarative/procedural model。Bilingualism: Language and Cognition，4(2)，105-122。
17.	White, Lydia、Bruhn-Garavito, Joyce、Kawasaki, T.、Pater, Joe、Prevost, Philippe(1997)。The researcher gave the subject a test about himself: Problems of ambiguity and preference in the investigation of reflexive binding。Language Learning，47，145-175。
18.	Chappell, Hilary、Thompson, Sandra(1992)。The semantics and pragmatics of associative de in Mandarin Chinese。Cahiers de Linguisticque Asie Orientale，21，199-229。
19.	Grondin, Nathalie、White, Lydia(1996)。Functional categories in child L2 acquisition of French。Language Acquisition，5，1-34。
20.	Yuan, Boping、Zhao, Yang(2005)。Resumptive pronouns in English-Chinese and Arabic-Chinese interlanguages。International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching，43，219-237。
21.	Kong, Stano(2011)。Monomorphemic and polymorphemic anaphors in L2 Chinese。Journal of Chinese Linguistics，39，451-477。
22.	Hu, Xiaoling、Liu, Chuanping(2007)。Restrictive relative clauses in English and Korean learners’ second language Chinese。Second Language Research，23(3)，263-287。

學位論文
1.	Martohardjono, Gita(1993)。Wh-movement in the acquisition of a second language: A crosslinguistic study of three languages with and without movement(博士論文)。Cornell University。

圖書
1.	Adger, David(2003)。Core Syntax: A Minimalist Approach。Oxford University Press。
2.	Smith, Neil V.、Tsimpli, Ianthi-maria(1995)。The Mind of A Savant: Language Learning and Modularity。Oxford：Blackwell。
3.	Rizzi, Luigi(1990)。Relativized Minimality。MIT Press。
4.	Aoun, Joseph E.、Li, Yen-hui Audrey(2003)。Essays on the representational and derivational nature of grammar: the diversity of Wh-constructions。MIT Press。
5.	Li, Charles Na、Thompson, Sandra Annear(1981)。Mandarin Chinese: a functional reference grammar。University of California Press。
6.	趙元任(1968)。A Grammar of Spoken Chinese。University of California Press。
7.	Berwick, Robert(1985)。The Acquisition of Syntactic Knowledge。Cambridge。
8.	Wexler, Kenneth、Manzini, Rita(1987)。Parameters and learnability in binding theory。Parameter Setting。Dordrecht。
9.	White, Lydia、Juffs, Alan(1998)。Constraint on wh-movement in two different contexts of non-native language acquisition: competence and processing。The Generative Study of Second Language Acquisition。NJ。
10.	Perez-Leroux, Ana、Li, Xiaoli(1998)。Selectivity in the acquisition of complex NP island。The Development of Second Language Grammars: A Generative Approach。Philadelphia。
11.	Schwartz, Bonnie(1998)。On two hypotheses of ‘Transfer’ in L2A: Minimal trees and absolute L1 influence。The Generative Study of Second Language Acquisition。NJ。

圖書論文
1.	Kellerman, Eric(1983)。Now you see it, now you don't。Language Transfer in Language Learning。Amsterdam：John Benjamins。
2.	Schwartz, Bonnie、Sprouse, Rex(1994)。Word order and nominative case in nonnative language acquisition: A longitudinal study of (L1 Turkish) German interlanguage。Language Acquisition Studies in Generative Grammar。Amsterdam：John Benjamins。

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